煤矿井下全空间地震波时频域极化分析及其试验研究
Time frequency domain polarization analysis of seismic waves in the whole space of mine and its experimental study
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摘要: 煤矿井下全空间条件下地震波传播规律是矿井地震勘探的关键基础科学问题，矿井地震近场勘探多类型波场混叠，常规方法难以实现地震波方向的准确计算。提出了一种矿井全空间三分量地震波时频域极化分析方法，采用基本小波函数形态不固定的广义S变换将时间域信号转换成时频域信号，利用Hilbert变换构建解析信号并在每个时频点建立复协方差矩阵，求取复协方差矩阵的特征值及特征向量，进而获取三分量信号的极化方位角、极化倾角。时间域混叠合成信号的时频域极化分析实验结果表明：计算得到合成信号的时频位置与理论时频位置相对应，计算的正/负方位角、倾角与理论值无误差。在时间和频率2个维度上，时频域极化分析可以精准确定混叠情况下多类型信号的极化方向。全空间条件下中心激发-全方位接收的三维时空域高阶三分量模拟实验证实，直达纵波、横波的倾角无偏差、方位角偏差小。根据检波点位置及极化信息对中心震源进行反定位，在200 m直径范围内，根据检波点位置及地震波方位角、倾角聚焦定位的震源点与已知震源点的距离误差仅为0.548 6 m。煤矿井下实测数据计算反射槽波的时频域方位角、倾角参数与理论值一致，验证了矿井全空间三分量地震波时频域极化分析方法的有效性，该方法可为地下全空间地震勘探提供参考。Abstract: The propagation law of seismic waves under the condition of full space in coal mines is the key basic scientific problem of mine seismic exploration. The conventional methods are difficult to realize an accurate calculation of seismic waves direction because of the multi type waves field aliasing in the near field detection of the mine seismic method. The paper proposed a time frequency domain polarization analysis method of the three component seismic waves in coal mines. The time domain signals were converted into a time frequency domain signals by using the gener 〖LM〗alized S transform with the shape of the basic wavelet function with unfixed shape. The analytic signals were constructed by using the Hilbert transform and the complex covariance matrix were established at each time frequency point. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the complex covariance matrix were obtained,and then the polarization azimuth angle and polarization inclination angle of the three component signal were obtained. The experimental results of time frequency domain polarization analysis of the time domain aliasing synthetic signal show that the time frequency position of the calculated synthetic signal is corresponding to the theoretical time frequency position,and the calculated positive/negative azimuth angle and inclination angle have no error with the theoretical value. In the time and frequency dimensions,time frequency domain polarization analysis can accurately determine the polarization direction of multi type signals in the case of aliasing. The three dimensional high order three component simulation experiment of central excitation and omnidirectional reception in full space confirms that there is no deviation in the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the direct P wave and the S wave,and the azimuth deviation is small. According to the location and polarization information of the detection point,the central source is inversely positioned. In the range of 200 m diameter,the distance error between the focal point focalized according to the location of the detection point and the azimuth and dip angle of the seismic wave and the known focal point is only 0.548 6 m. The calculation of measured data in an underground coal mine verifies the effectiveness of the time frequency domain polarization analysis method of three component seismic waves in the whole space of the mine,which can provide a reference for underground seismic exploration in the whole space.
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