激光辐照热裂破岩规律及力学性能
Law and mechanics of thermal cracking of rock by laser irradiation
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摘要: 分析了激光辐照热裂破岩工艺参数对岩石力学性能的影响规律，以提高激光辐照热裂破岩效率。开展了激光辐照热裂破岩正交实验研究，分析了激光功率、辐照时间及辐照距离对激光辐照热裂破岩温度变化及岩石形貌损伤的影响规律，基于X-ray diffraction（XRD） 物相图谱分析了激光辐照热裂破岩后岩石不同区域物相成分及含量，探讨了激光功率、辐照时间及辐照距离对激光辐照区物相含量变化的影响趋势，研究了激光功率、辐照时间及辐照距离对岩石强度的弱化程度。研究表明：随着激光功率和辐照时间增加及辐照距离减小，岩石反应区温度变大，热裂纹生成数量增多且裂纹深度变大，岩石热破碎反应增强；激光高温辐照后岩样所含高脆性、低强度、低导热率和低热膨胀系数的石英和钙长石含量占比增加，且随着激光功率和辐照时间增加及辐照距离减小，岩样烧灼孔内所含石英和钙长石成分增多；激光辐照后岩样烧灼孔内冷凝沉积物主要成分为石英和钠长石，且冷凝沉积物中部分晶体在激光辐照作用下转变为非晶体结构；激光辐照时间对岩石强度弱化程度影响最大，激光辐照距离次之，而激光功率对岩石强度弱化程度影响最小；随着激光功率和辐照时间增加及辐照距离减小，岩石抗压强度由83.89 MPa显著降低至36.13 MPa，岩石轴向挤压形变量变大，挤压破碎效果增强，岩石强度弱化程度变大。结果表明，激光辐照岩石可以有效降低岩石强度，提高激光辐照热裂破岩效率。Abstract: The influence of the process parameters of thermal cracking of rock by laser on the mechanical properties of rocks was analyzed to improve the efficiency of thermal cracking of rock by laser. The orthogonal experimental studies of thermal cracking of rock by laser were carried out. The influence of laser power.irradiation time and irradiation distance on the temperature change of thermal cracking of rock by laser and the morphological damage of rock were analyzed. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD).the composition and content of different regions of the rock were analyzed. The influence trend of laser power.irradiation time and irradiation distance on the change of phase content in the laser irradiation area was discussed. The degree of weakening of the rock intensity by laser power.irradiation time and irradiation distance was studied. The results show that with the increase of laser power and irradiation time and the decrease of irradiation distance.the temperature of the rock reaction zone becomes larger.the number of thermal cracks increases.the crack depth becomes larger.and the thermal fracture reaction of the rock is enhanced. The proportion of quartz and calcium feldspar containing high brittleness.low intensity.low thermal conductivity.and low coefficient of thermal expansion in the rock sample after laser high-temperature irradiation increases. With the increase of laser power and irradiation time and the decrease of irradiation distance.the composition of quartz and calcium feldspar contained in the rock-like cauterization hole increases. The main components of condensed sediments in the lithoid cauterization holes after laser irradiation are quartz and albite. Some of the crystals in the condensed sediment are transformed into amorphous structures under laser irradiation. Laser irradiation time has the greatest impact on the degree of weakening of rock strength. Laser irradiation distance is secondary. The laser power has the least impact on the weakening of rock strength. With the increase of laser power and irradiation time and the decrease of irradiation distance.the compressive strength of the rock is significantly reduced from 83.89 MPa to 36.13 MPa. The axial extrusion deformation variable of the rock becomes larger.the crushing effect is enhanced.and the rock strength weakens to a greater extent. The results show that laser irradiation of rocks can effectively reduce rock strength.thereby improving the efficiency of laser irradiation hot cracking rock breaking.
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