Abstract: China is a country in the world with the serious environmental pollution of coal mine “three wastes” (solid, liquid, gas). A lot of in-depth research and practice has been carried out on the utilization and treatment of “three wastes”. However, there are still many problems such as imperfect standards and norms, small scale of treatment and unsound technology. In order to solve the problem of synergistic development of low-cost geological storage of large-scale “three wastes” and ecological environment in China’s coal mines, on the basis of the definition of geological storage in other countries, the connotation of geological storage in China has been expanded. The progress and current status of research on the geological storage of “three wastes” are analyzed. Literature and patents related to the geological storage of “three wastes” at home and abroad are reviewed. The problems faced by China in carrying out the geological storage of “three wastes” and the suggestions for further development are put forward. It is pointed out that the main problem faced by the geological storage of “three wastes” in China is the inadequacy of the standards and regulations in the field of environment, especially the extensive lack of standards for the deep-well injection of waste liquids. The systematic research has shown that the research institutions in China are paying increasing attention to research in the field of the geological storage of the “three wastes”, and that the results of the research account for a high percentage of research in the world. China’s coal mine “three wastes” geological storage and ecological environment synergistic development awareness and system is being formed. However, there is insufficient support for research on the large-scale geological storage of “three wastes”, the cyclic system of geological storage of “three wastes” in the whole cycle of coal mining, and the synergistic relationship between CO₂ capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology and the ecological environment. This seriously restricts the large-scale implementation and application of the concepts, technologies and projects of geological storage. China should expeditiously strengthen the scientific and technological research and development of coal mine “three wastes” geological storage technology and ecological environment synergistic development. Through the establishment of improved standards and norms, increased technological research and development, and strengthened environmental supervision and other measures, the green and sustainable development in China’s coal mines is promoted, helping the China’s “dual-carbon” goal to be realized.