Abstract: The PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations of 37 measuring points around the opencast coal mining area of East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang were studied. The multivariate statistical analysis and GIS technology were used to study the mass concentration characteristics, spatial distribution and the relationship with meteorological conditions ( wind speed,temperature and humidity) during May,July,September and December. The results suggest that the average mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2. 5 of four months in the study area did not exceed the daily average concentration limits of ambient air quality standard (GB 3095—2012). The values of mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2. 5 were in the order of December>July>May>September. The spatial distribution patterns of PM10 and PM2. 5 mass concentration were nearly the same in the same month,the high concentration region was closer to the coal industrial area. PM10 and PM2. 5 mass concentrations had a positive relationship to the humidity. The temperature is in negative correlation to PM10 mass concentration,is in negative correlation to PM2. 5 mass concentration in May,September and December,and other was positive correlation. The wind speed is negatively correlated to PM10 and PM2. 5 mass concentrations in Sep- tember and December,and positively correlated in May and July. Above all coal production had influence on the air environment in the coal industrial area of East Junggar Basin. Humidity was the main factor that affected the concentra- tions and the distributions of PM10 and PM2. 5 .