Abstract: The technology of pumped storage power stations in abandoned mines is not only an important way for the transformation and upgrading of abandoned mines, but also an effective means of renewable energy scaled storage.The roadway of an abandoned mine is an ideal carrier for an underground reservoir pumped storage power station, but its complicated spatial topology restricts the fluidity of the water.Therefore, it is necessary to study the optimization method of the underground spatial structure of the roadway to provide technical support for the construction of the underground reservoir of the pumped storage power station.Taking the eastern area of a mine in Huainan, China as the research object, the analysis method of underground space structure of abandoned mines under the perspective of spatial syntax is expounded, and the underground space topology model of small-scale multivariate convex space is established.Drawing on the various morphological analysis variables in spatial syntax, the internal logicality and topological relationship between the roadways and chamber structures are studied from the local and overall hierarchical characteristics.The problems existing in the underground space of abandoned mines in the construction of underground reservoirs of pumped storage power stations are analyzed, and the underground space structure is optimized.The research shows that the availability of underground space units based on local spatial characteristics is positively proportional to the connection value, control value, selection degree, and local integration degree, and inversely proportional to the average depth value.The global integration, comprehensibility, and spatial intelligence of the underground space structure based on the overall spatial characteristics are low, resulting in some problems such as poor spatial orientation, low spatial utilization, and weak storage capacity in the construction of underground reservoirs of pumped storage power stations.Therefore, a new topological model of underground space is reconstructed by selecting spatial units with local integration degree and global integration degree higher than their average.After optimization, the number of underground space units is reduced by 73%, the spatial intelligibility is improved from very poor(0.217)to general(0.480), and the spatial intelligence is improved from high(0.798)to extremely high(0.940).It improves the accessibility and storage capacity of the underground space structure of abandoned mine pumped storage power station, and provides an optimization strategy for the planning and utilization of underground space in the construction of pumped storage power stations in abandoned mines.