小孔径圆锥式孔底套芯应力解除法及试验研究
Experimental study on the stress relief method of small-diameter compact conical-ended borehole overcoring technique
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摘要: 为测试地下空间原地应力状态,研发了小孔径圆锥式孔底套芯地应力测试的孔底应变计,并开展了室内岩样的加载、卸载实验,验证了其测试结果可靠性。首先对孔底应变套芯应力测试方法的原理进行了简要介绍;然后针对煤矿巷道、隧道硐室等地下空间小孔径钻孔情况下的原地应力的快速测量要求,研发了直径为47 mm的小孔径圆锥式孔底应变计,并研制了配套的圆锥形钻头;最后开展了室内真三轴试验机加载和卸载实验,依据我国主要地区的应力比情况,设计了24种加载、卸载工况的实验,并对实验结果进行了分析处理。实验研究表明:研制的小孔径圆锥式孔底应变计可以方便的实现孔底安装与黏接;应用该应变计和多通道数字应变仪可以连续记录到加、卸载过程中的应变变化;依据记录的加载、卸载稳定阶段应变值,结合圆锥式孔底套芯应力解除测试方法的原理,采用MATLAB程序开展最小二乘求解可以反演得到施加的应力量值;通过室内12组不同应力比的加、卸载实验,得到24组应力反演结果,其相对误差绝对值均在50%以内,平均相对误差(绝对值)在18%以内,其中,S1平均相对误差(绝对值)在17%左右,S2平均相对误差(绝对值)在18%左右。通过实验研究,验证了该方法的可行性,为小孔径圆锥式孔底套芯地应力测试的应用与推广提供了理论及室内实验支撑。Abstract: In order to measure the in-situ stress state in underground space, a small diameter conical-ended borehole strain meter for overcoring technique has been developed.The reliability of the test results of this strain meter was verified by laboratory loading and unloading experiments.First, the theory of compact conical-ended borehole overcoring technique was briefly presented.Then, a 47 mm-diameter conical-ended borehole strain meter was developed to measure the in-situ stress in underground space such as coal mine roadway and roadway chamber.A conical-ended bit was also designed and machined to drill the conical-ended hole for the tests.Resultsshow that the developed small diameter conical-ended borehole strain meter can be easily installed and glued.The strain changes during loading and unloading process can be recorded by the small diameter conical-ended borehole strain meter combined with the multi-channel strain indicator.Based on the theory of conical-ended borehole overcoring technique, the stress can be inversed using the terminal strain recorded by the strain cell and the least square method based on MATLAB code.The 24 tests results of 12 stress ratio were conducted and used for stress inversion and verification of the strain meter.The error is within 50% with average error of 18%,in which the absolute value of mean error of S1 and S2 are 18% and 17%,respectively.The validity of this small-diameter compact conical-ended borehole overcoring technique was verified through those experiments, which could provide a theoretical foundation and experimental verification for the application and development of the small-diameter compact conical-ended borehole overcoring technique and fill the gap in this field in China.