王苗,王长安,宁星,等. 富油煤原位热解技术研究现状及进展[J]. 煤炭学报,2024,49(9):3969−3984. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2023.0790
引用本文: 王苗,王长安,宁星,等. 富油煤原位热解技术研究现状及进展[J]. 煤炭学报,2024,49(9):3969−3984. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2023.0790
WANG Miao,WANG Chang’an,NING Xing,et al. Research progress of in-situ pyrolysis technology for tar-rich coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2024,49(9):3969−3984. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2023.0790
Citation: WANG Miao,WANG Chang’an,NING Xing,et al. Research progress of in-situ pyrolysis technology for tar-rich coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2024,49(9):3969−3984. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2023.0790

富油煤原位热解技术研究现状及进展

Research progress of in-situ pyrolysis technology for tar-rich coal

  • 摘要: 我国富油煤资源量丰富,原位热解提取油气不仅可以实现富油煤的高效清洁低碳利用,还可以缓解油气对外依存度,是未来富油煤开采利用的重要发展方向之一。简述了富油煤的热物理性质及分布特性,地面热解和原位热解的工艺特点,重点阐述了富油煤原位热解(布井方式、加热方式、原位气化热解一体化、余热利用、储层压裂、地下封闭技术)的研究现状及进展,最后对富油煤原位热解技术的发展方向进行了展望。① 梯级利用是富油煤地面热解的重要途径,井工式原位热解可实现井下收油,但需解决长距离输运管道保温问题,钻孔式原位热解是通过高温介质或电加热进行热解,可采用矿区的分布式能源加热载热流体。② 推荐采用对流加热为主,其他加热方式为辅的复合加热技术,可利用原位热解后的余热预热载热流体,也可将煤层局部氧化反应的热量用于富油煤原位热解过程,降低载热流体的注热能耗。③ 原位气化热解一体化技术可有效提高热能利用率,但气化空腔需进行填充。④ 综合考虑储层压裂和富油煤原位热解孔隙变化规律,控制煤层裂缝生成路径,形成裂缝网络,以增强煤层热传导效率,降低油气产物在煤层中的运移难度。⑤ 根据富油煤热解工艺特点,选择适宜的地下体系封闭技术,可促进富油煤原位热解过程中能量的高效利用及生态环境保护,其中CO2气驱止水技术在实现地下体系封闭的同时,还可以进行油气驱替并实现CO2的地质封存。

     

    Abstract: China has abundant resources of tar-rich coal, and the in-situ pyrolysis extraction of oil and gas can not only achieve efficient, clean, and low-carbon utilization of tar-rich coal, but also alleviate the external dependence of oil and gas, which is one of the important development directions of tar-rich coal exploitation and utilization in the future. In this paper, the thermal and physical properties and distribution characteristics of tar-rich coal, the technological characteristics of surface pyrolysis and in-situ pyrolysis are described briefly. It focuses on the research status and progress of in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal (including well layout, heating method, integration of in-situ gasification and pyrolysis, waste heat utilization, reservoir fracturing, and underground sealing technology). Also, the future development direction of tar-rich coal in-situ pyrolysis technology is prospected. The findings are summarized as follows: ① the cascade utilization is an important way for the surface pyrolysis of tar-rich coal. Well drilling in-situ pyrolysis can achieve underground oil recovery, but it is necessary to solve the insulation problem of long-distance transportation pipelines. Drilling in-situ pyrolysis is carried out through high-temperature medium or electric heating, and can use distributed energy from the mining area to heat the heat carrier fluid. ② It is recommended to use a composite heating technology with convection heating as the main method and others as auxiliary heating methods, which can use the residual heat from in-situ pyrolysis to preheat the heat carrier fluid, and the heat from the local oxidation reaction of coal seam can also be used in the in-situ pyrolysis process of oil-rich coal to reduce the heat injection energy consumption of heat carrier fluid. ③ The integrated technology of in-situ gasification and pyrolysis can effectively improve the utilization rate of thermal energy, but the gasification cavity needs to be filled. ④ In order to enhance the heat conduction efficiency of coal seam and reduce the migration difficulty of oil and gas products in coal seam, the porosity change law of reservoir fracturing and in-situ pyrolysis of oil-rich coal is comprehensively considered to control the fracture formation path and form the fracture network. ⑤ Based on the characteristics of the pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal, selecting suitable underground system closure technology can promote efficient energy utilization and ecological environment protection during the in-situ pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal, among them, the CO2 gas drive water sealing technology can not only realize the closure of the underground system, but also carry out oil and gas displacement and realize the geological storage of CO2.

     

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