我国煤与瓦斯突出及复合动力灾害预警系统研究进展及展望

Research progress and prospects of coal and gas outburst and composite dynamic disaster warning systems in China

  • 摘要: 我国是瓦斯灾害最为严重的国家,在煤与瓦斯突出灾害及复合动力灾害预警方面开展了大量深入的研究工作,取得了显著成效,但是近年来煤与瓦斯突出及复合动力灾害仍时有发生,深部开采矿井多灾害耦合致灾趋势愈发明显。为了进一步提高深部高强度采掘矿井瓦斯、冲击地压等动力灾害的有效精准防控,提升矿井智能化水平,保障矿井安全高效开采能力,阐述了我国煤与瓦斯突出及复合动力灾害预警方法及系统的研究现状。当前瓦斯突出及复合动力灾害预警方法及系统主要基于电磁辐射、声电、微震、瓦斯浓度时序监测技术开发,由于煤层赋存、开采条件、地应力等差异,预警系统指标体系临界值通过经验、理论或实验室确定导致预警结果准确率低,现场修正指标体系临界值工作量大且区域差异性直接影响了预警系统现场应用效果。基于当前煤与瓦斯突出及复合动力灾害预警方法、系统现状以及煤矿智能化预警需求,提出未来研究展望:开展深部高强度开采矿井多灾害耦合孕灾机制研究,开发定量的多场指标体系动态判识模型,实现多灾害一体化监测和耦合致灾或单一灾害分类预警;开展精准地质探测、精准地质建模,结合大数据、云计算等技术,更精准捕捉动力灾害指标参数,确定预警指标临界值;通过数学方法将复合灾害发生机制定性描述的概化模型转化为定量的数学模型,形成理论、经验、数据综合预警模型,进一步提高预警系统的准确率。

     

    Abstract: China is the country with the most severe gas disasters. A large amount of in-depth research has been carried out in the early warning of coal and gas outburst disasters and their composite dynamic disasters, and significant results have been achieved. However, in recent years, coal and gas outburst and composite dynamic disasters have still occurred from time to time, and the trend of multi disaster coupling in deep mining mines is becoming increasingly evident. In order to further improve the effective and precise prevention and control of dynamic disasters such as gas and rock burst in deep and high-strength mining mines, enhance the level of mine intelligence, and ensure the safe and efficient mining capacity of mines, this paper elaborates on the research status of coal and gas outburst and its composite dynamic disaster warning methods and systems in China. The current warning methods and systems for gas outburst and its composite dynamic disasters are mainly developed based on electromagnetic radiation, sound electricity, microseism, and gas concentration time series monitoring technology. Due to differences in coal seam occurrence, mining conditions, and ground stress, the critical values of the warning system indicator system are determined through experience, theory, or laboratory, resulting in low accuracy of the warning results. A mountain of work and regional differences in the critical values of the on-site correction index system directly affect the effectiveness of the early warning system's on-site application. Based on the current situation of coal and gas outburst and its composite dynamic disaster warning methods and systems, as well as the demand for intelligent warning in coal mines, this paper proposes future research prospects: to carry out research on the coupling mechanism of multiple disasters in deep and high-strength mining mines, develop a quantitative dynamic identification model of multiple indicator systems, and achieve integrated monitoring of multiple disasters and coupled disaster or single disaster classification warning; Carry out precise geological exploration and modeling, combined with technologies such as big data and cloud computing, to more accurately capture dynamic disaster indicator parameters and determine critical warning indicator values; By using mathematical methods, the generalized model for qualitative description of the occurrence mechanism of composite disasters is transformed into a quantitative mathematical model, forming a comprehensive warning model of theory, experience, and data, further improving the accuracy of the warning system.

     

/

返回文章
返回