Abstract: Critical minerals in coal deposits have attracted much attention in recent years because of their potential economic significance. However, these critical minerals are becoming scarce and expensive as their resources in conventional ores are exhausted. One promising source of W is coal and/or coal combustion products. The input of terrigenous materials and hydrothermal-fluid are the main factors affecting the enrichment of strategic mineral elements in coal. The origin and mode of occurrences of valuable element W in the M3 coal seam of the Puyang Mine is still unclear, although W was found significantly enriched. The X-ray difflraction analyzer (XRD), Scamning Electron Microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Inductively Coupled PlasmaMass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and other instruments were used to analyze the composition of minerals and elements in the M3 coal seam of the Puyang Mine. The main modes of W occurrence were established using selective leaching procedure. The content of W in humic acid and coal was compared by alkaline extraction to explore the binding ability of W and organic matter (humic acid). The influence of sedliment-source region and hydrothermal-fluid on the enrichment of critical element tungsten in M3 coal seam of the Puyang Mine was discussed based on the study of mineralogy and element geochemistry of these coal seams of the Puyang Mine. The results show that: the M3 coal is of medium-high volatile lignite rank and has a low-medium ash yield; The minerals in the M3 coal are mainly quartz, pyrite and calcite, to a lesser extent, kaolinite, illite, and siderite; The major element oxides in the M3 coal are dominated by SiO₂ and Al₂O₃. Tungsten is significantly enriched in the M3 coal, with a weighted average of 70 μg/g (maximum content 325 μg/g), being 59 times of the world low-rank coal’s average. The average coal ash content can reach 359.76 μg/g (maximum content 1432.35 μg/g); The results of sequential leaching and correlation analysis indicate that tungsten in the M3 coal primarily occurs in organic matter, followed by silicate and aluminosilicate. A small amount of tungsten may also occur in pyrite, as well as in acid-insoluble minerals or in fine-grained minerals shielded by the organic matter of the coal. The W in the humic acid of the present study ranges from 58.8 to 123 μg/g, with a weighted average of 86.4 μg/g. The W content of humic acid is 1.37 times that of W in raw coal, indicating that W in M3 coal has a strong binding ability to organic matter (humic acid); The main provenance of coals in the Puyang Mine is the granite in the Wenshan. Due to the supply of clastic materials from the source rocks and hydrothermal-fluid, the W in the M3 coal is significantly enriched.