基于自耦PID的磁电混合悬浮带式输送机支承系统交叉耦合协同控制

Research on coordinated control of support system of magnetoelectric hybrid suspension belt conveyor

  • 摘要: 磁电混合悬浮带式输送机是一种新型低阻力、低能耗连续运输设备,其支承系统受输送带及其与悬浮系统连接产生的动力学特性影响,悬浮支承同步往往存在未知建模误差、耦合干扰等问题,导致系统的稳定性难以保证。通过改进磁路法建立悬浮支承系统电磁模型,以悬链线等效及截面稳定假设等依据构建支承系统动力学方程,基于自耦PID控制技术,结合交叉耦合策略实现悬浮协同。首先,考虑磁电混合悬浮系统气隙磁场分布及其磁路差异,通过改进磁路公式描述系统中电磁力变化,综合机电关系获得混合悬浮系统电磁控制方程;根据输送带—混合悬浮系统结构,整机输送带等效为若干支承点作用下的悬链线,假设物料稳定充满输送带内并形成稳定截面,对输送机支承系统进行简化,构建一种由刚体与弦组合等效的支承系统动力学模型。然后,基于动力学模型耦合问题及支承系统协同运行工况条件得出协同控制设计要求,提出一种基于自耦PID控制的交叉耦合协同控制策略,分别对系统跟踪控制和协同控制设计了自适应速度因子,并证明了协同控制方法的稳定性。仿真过程中采用30 mm作为设定气隙值,并模拟了在侧向与横向及其不同干扰条件下的系统响应。仿真结果表明,支承系统能够在设定时间内实现稳定悬浮,且在控制输出和气隙输入受到干扰时,协同误差的最大波动值分别为0.0005 mm和1 mm。实验研究通过悬浮实验装置,验证了在静态悬浮和气隙及物料加载干扰下系统的动态性能,结果显示在对应条件下,气隙波动和协同误差的最大值均为1 mm。仿真与实验结果验证了该方法的控制性能和稳定性,在实际整机大载荷物料的气隙波动干扰下,具有协同稳定的可行性。

     

    Abstract: A magnetoelectric hybrid suspension belt conveyor is introduced as a novel type of continuous transportation equipment characterized by low resistance and low energy consumption. The support system is significantly impacted by the dynamics of the conveyor belt and its connection to the suspension system, where challenges such as unknown modeling errors and coupling disturbances are often encountered, complicating the assurance of system stability. An improved magnetic circuit approach is utilized to establish the electromagnetic model of the suspension support system. Based on the assumptions of a catenary equivalent and section stability, the dynamics equations of the support system are constructed. The system incorporates self-coupling PID control technology and a cross-coupling strategy to achieve coordinated suspension. Initially, considering the distribution of the air gap magnetic field in the magnetoelectric hybrid suspension system and the differences in magnetic circuits, the electromagnetic force variations within the system are described using an improved magnetic circuit formula. This description, integrated with electromechanical relationships, forms the control equation for the electromagnetic forces in the hybrid suspension system. The entire conveyor belt is modeled under the influence of several support points, with assumptions that the material is stable and forms a consistent section across the belt. This simplification leads to a dynamics model of the support system that effectively combines rigid bodies with strings. Subsequently, based on the coupled issues of the dynamics model and the operational conditions for system synchronization, a control strategy for cross-coupled coordination based on self-coupling PID control is proposed. This strategy includes adaptive speed factors for system tracking and coordination control, with proven stability of the coordination control method. The system’s response under lateral, longitudinal, and various disturbance conditions is modeled in simulation studies using a set air gap of 30 mm. The system’s dynamic performance under static suspension and disturbances from air gaps and material loading is validated by experimental research using a suspension experimental rig. The experimental results demonstrate maximum air gap fluctuations and coordination errors of 1 mm under the respective conditions. The control performance and stability of the method are affirmed by both simulation and experimental outcomes, showcasing the feasibility for stable coordination under significant material load disturbances in practical applications.

     

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