基于优化卡尔曼与TSO−BP神经网络的露天矿卡智能车载称重方法

Intelligent vehicle weighing method for open pit mine truck based on optimized Kalman and TSO−BP neural network

  • 摘要: 矿用自卸车作为大型露天矿的主要运输设备,开发矿卡超限预警功能是保障矿山安全生产的有效技术手段之一。针对矿卡装载运输依赖人员工作经验、矿卡超限装载与超载运输普遍存在的现状,以三桥刚性矿卡为研究对象,提出了一种基于前油气悬架氮气压力测量+中后钢板弹簧悬架位移测量相结合的矿卡车载间接称重方法,重点开展了车载称重数据采集及其滤波技术和智能称重算法研究。首先,针对三桥刚性矿卡选定间接称重方法,设计了矿卡车载称重系统,并对相应软硬件方案进行了研究;其次,开展矿卡车载称重信号现场采集试验,模拟矿卡真实运输工况,测得了9类车载称重信号;然后,针对传统卡尔曼算法滤除车载信号中高幅冲击噪声存在的不足,通过新增野值判定与卡尔曼增益调节公式进行了算法优化,获得了车载称重训练模型数据基础;最后,针对BP网络在称重系统应用中存在学习速率较慢、易陷入局部极小值的缺陷,引入金枪鱼群优化算法(Tuna Swarm Optimization, TSO)对其展开优化,构建了基于TSO−BP神经网络的矿卡智能车载称重预测模型,制作了原始称重信号数据集和滤波降噪称重信号数据集,并基于车载称重信号开展称重算法对比试验。结果表明:针对原始称重信号数据集,TSO−BP预测模型较传统BP预测模型的最大称重误差由25.57%降为9.06%,TSO−BP车载称重模型具有更优的鲁棒性与稳定性;针对降噪后的称重信号数据集,TSO−BP矿卡车载称重模型整体误差低于1%,装载及满载静止时的称重误差在0.1%左右,满载运行时称重误差低于0.5%,可以满足矿卡动态车载称重的精度要求。

     

    Abstract: As the main transportation equipment for large open-pit mines, the development of mine truck overload warning function is one of the effective technical means to ensure mine safety production. In response to the current situation that mining truck loading and transportation rely on personnel's work experience, as well as the common occurrence of overloading and overloading of mining trucks, a mining truck indirect weighing method based on front oil and gas suspension nitrogen pressure measurement and middle and rear steel plate spring suspension displacement measurement is proposed, with a focus on vehicle mounted weighing data acquisition and filtering technology, as well as intelligent weighing algorithm research. Firstly, an indirect weighing method was selected for the three bridge rigid mining truck, and a mining truck mounted weighing system was designed. The corresponding software and hardware solutions were studied; Secondly, on-site collection experiments were conducted on the weighing signals of mining trucks, and 9 types of weighing signals were measured by simulating the actual transportation conditions of mining trucks; Then, in response to the shortcomings of traditional Kalman algorithm in filtering out high amplitude impulse noise in vehicle signals, algorithm optimization was carried out by adding outlier judgment and Kalman gain adjustment formula, and the data foundation of vehicle weighing training model was obtained; Finally, in response to the shortcomings of slow learning rate and easy falling into local minima in the application of BP network in weighing systems, the Tuna swarm optimization (TSO) algorithm was introduced to optimize it. A mining truck intelligent vehicle weighing prediction model based on TSO−BP neural network was constructed, and the original weighing signal dataset and the filtered denoised weighing signal dataset were made. Comparative experiments of weighing algorithms were conducted based on vehicle weighing signals. The results show that for the original weighing signal dataset, the maximum weighing error of the TSO−BP prediction model is reduced from 25.57% to 9.06% compared to the traditional BP prediction model. The TSO−BP vehicle weighing model has better robustness and stability; For the denoised weighing signal dataset, the overall error of the TSO−BP mining vehicle onboard weighing model is less than 1%, the weighing error during loading and full load stationary is about 0.1%, and the weighing error during full load operation is less than 0.5%, which can meet the accuracy requirements of dynamic onboard weighing for mining vehicles.

     

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