穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采胎囊式可复用封孔装置研究与应用

Research and application of fetal sac type reusable sealing device for gas drainage in cross-layer boreholes

  • 摘要: 针对传统封孔工艺密封性能差、钻孔瓦斯体积分数衰减快、封孔经济成本高等难题,提出“自适应钻孔变形、柔性保压、动态密封、重复利用”的新型封孔技术,研发了一种瓦斯抽采新型“胎囊式”可复用封孔装置,并阐述了“胎囊式”封孔装置的基本结构设计和封孔技术原理。采用数值模拟、实验室试验和理论分析相结合的研究方法,探究封孔装置的核心构件(密封胎囊)的变形性能和密封性能。以神火集团新庄煤矿为工程背景,开展现场实践。结果表明:壁厚为1 mm和2 mm的胎囊能够在较低的注浆压力条件下迅速膨胀,满足钻孔封孔要求;胎囊与孔壁的平均接触应力随施加作用力的递增呈逐渐增大的趋势,与壁厚为1 mm的密封胎囊相比,壁厚为2 mm的密封胎囊随压力的递增其整体密封性能表现更加稳定;封孔试验表明,胎囊的极限承压能力与胎囊自身壁厚呈正相关,当注浆压力大于0.32 MPa时,封孔装置能够有效密封钻孔;结合数值模拟、封孔试验和注浆封孔力学分析结果,得出胎囊结构设计参数的最优组合解为长度1 000 mm,壁厚2 mm。现场工程实践表明:与传统“两堵一注”带压封孔工艺相比,在相同的抽采期内,新型封孔工艺较传统封孔工艺的钻孔平均瓦斯抽采体积分数提升126.6%,平均抽采纯量提高120%;首次抽采结束后胎囊的重复利用率为84%,3次抽采结束后胎囊的回收利用率达65%,瓦斯抽采体积分数整体提升30%以上,证明新型封孔工艺不仅能够提高钻孔的抽采效果,延长高体积分数瓦斯的抽采时间,同时达到了封孔装置重复利用的效果,为矿井瓦斯抽采方法提供了新的技术路径。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the technical problems of poor sealing performance, rapid decay of gas concentration volume in boreholes and high economic costs of sealing in traditional sealing technology, " a new sealing technology of “adaptive borehole deformation, flexible pressure holding, dynamic sealing and reuse” is proposed. A new type of “fetal sac type” reusable sealing device for gas drainage is developed, and the basic structure design and sealing technology principle of “fetal sac type” sealing device are expounded. The core component of the sealing device ( sealed fetal sac ) is systematically studied by means of numerical simulation, laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis. The results demonstrate that the fetal sacs with wall thickness of 1 mm and 2 mm can expand rapidly under lower grouting pressure , meeting borehole sealing requirements. The average contact pressure between the sealed fetal sac and the hole wall increases gradually with the increase of the applied force. Compared with the sealed fetal sac with a wall thickness of 1 mm, the sealed fetal sac with a wall thickness of 2 mm has a more stable overall sealing performance with the increase of the pressure. The results of the sealing experiment demonstrate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the fetal sac is positively correlated with the wall thickness of the fetal sac. When the grouting pressure is greater than 0.32 MPa, the sealing device can effectively seal the borehole. Combined with the results of numerical simulation, hole sealing experiment and mechanical analysis of grouting hole sealing, the optimal combination solution of the structural design parameters of the fetal sac is that the length is 1 000 mm, the wall thickness is 2 mm. The field engineering practice show that compared with the traditional “two plugging and one injection” pressure sealing process, in the same extraction period, the average gas extraction concentration volume of the new sealing process is 126.6% higher than that of the traditional sealing process, and the average extraction purity is increased by 120%. After the first extraction, the recycling rate of the fetal sac is 84%, and the recycling rate of the fetal sac is 65% after the third extraction, and the extraction concentration volume is increased by more than 30%. These results confirm that the new sealing technology not only enhances extraction efficiencyand prolongs the high concentration volume extraction time, but also achieves the effect of repeated utilization of the sealing device, provideing a new technical path for mine gas extraction methods.

     

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