Abstract: Investigating the anaerobic methane production of coal in deep coal seams under high-temperature conditions is a crucial aspect of broadening the application scope of Coalbed Gas Bioengineering. The critical factor in enhancing the efficiency of high-temperature coal anaerobic digestion and the potential for carbon dioxide emission reduction is found within this process. Microbial electrolysis cell has demonstrated significant potential in optimizing the anaerobic degradation of organic matter. 55 °C is the optimal temperature for thermophilic methanogens. However, the influence of microbial electrolysis cell on coal anaerobic digestion for methane production at this temperature remains unclear. To achieve this objective, the present study utilizes meager lean coal sourced from the Pingdingshan region of China as substrates. A conventional anaerobic digestion system (AD) and a microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic digestion system (MEC-AD) are both implemented at a temperature of 55 ℃. The enhancement mechanism of microbial electrolysis cell for coal anaerobic digestion was systematically investigated through the testing and analysis of biogas yield, variations in key liquid phase products, changes in inorganic ions, dissolved organic matter, and microbial community structure under high-temperature conditions. The results indicated that the MEC-AD system extended the duration of coal anaerobic digestion while significantly improving biogas production, achieving an increase of 45.3% compared to the AD system. The relative abundance and activity of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacterial communities were enhanced by the integration of MEC with AD, particularly Tepidanaerobacter, Acetomicrobium, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Consequently, the coal degradation capacity was enhanced and the accumulation of nutrients for subsequent anaerobic digestion was facilitated. From the metabolic function perspective, the hydrolytic and acidogenic capacities of coal anaerobic digestion system were enhanced by MEC-AD through facilitating the glycolysis process and the oxidation of propionate and butyrate. Furthermore, the enhancement of hydrogenotrophic methane production efficiency in the MEC-AD system was achieved through an increased rate of acetic acid oxidation catalysis. This understanding provides a theoretical framework for enhancing the effectiveness and potential of Coalbed Gas Bioengineering in deep coal seams, thereby advancing the industrialization process of deep coalbed methane.