Abstract: The impact dynamics of coal-based solid waste cemented backfill are the basis for the research on the prevention and control of rock burst by underground filling. In order to explore the mechanical response characteristics, energy dissipation law and damage and failure characteristics of coal-based solid waste cemented backfill under dynamic load, coal gangue, fly ash, cement and other test materials were selected to prepare the backfill specimens, and five groups of uniaxial impact tests (0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38 and 0.40 MPa) under impact pressure were carried out by using the SHPB test system, and the variation of mechanical characteristic parameters, energy evolution and failure characteristics of the backfill with impact pressure was explored. The results show that: The micro-crack compaction stage is not obvious under the impact of the coal-based solid waste cemented backfill, the stress in the elastic deformation stage increases linearly with the increase of strain, and the stress increase in the plastic yield stage and the stress decrease in the failure stage increase with the increase of strain. With the increase of impact load, the dynamic peak stress of the backfill increases linearly, the peak strain decreases linearly, and the secant modulus increases exponentially. The energy evolution process of coal-based solid waste cemented backfill under impact load can be divided into three stages, namely, elastic deformation stage, plastic stage and failure stage. Among them, the first two stages mainly absorb energy and convert it into elastic deformation energy and store it in the filling body, while the failure stage is the internal energy of the filling body is released in the form of dissipated energy. Under the influence of incident energy, the characteristics of reflection energy, absorption energy, transmission energy and energy dissipation are significant, and they all show a gradual increase trend with the increase of incident energy. Under the action of impact load, the surface of the coal-based solid waste cemented backfill is first broken, and a large number of microcracks begin to occur, and continue to develop, expand and penetrate along the direction parallel to the impact load. With the increase of impact load, the failure degree of the backfill increases, and the small particle size fragments gradually increase, and the bearing capacity is gradually lost. The research results provide a research basis for the prevention and control of rock burst in underground backfill mining, and provide a theoretical basis for the safety and stability of coal mine production.