Abstract: Traditional mine water quality assessment methods rely on passive pollutant monitoring and single-index comparisons. Instantaneous pollution levels are reflected, but treatment complexity remains unevaluated, leading to insufficient support for quantitative process selection or practical engineering alignment. To address this, the Mine Water Treatment Resistance Index (MWTRI) is developed. A multi-dimensional framework combining water characteristics, utilization demands, and treatment technologies is established. Weighted averaging and Nemerow index methods are applied to cumulative effects and multi-factor/multi-scenario influences. Technical parameters from national, regional, and industrial standards are systematically integrated to calculate resistance factors including water quantity, quality components, and treatment feasibility, enabling hierarchical classification of treatment difficulty. Validation in the Shendong mining area shows that technical complexity for compliance is quantified, process optimization is guided, and resource utilization strategies are supported. Weights for easily treatable indicators are reduced, while critical parameters are prioritized, aligning with practical engineering priorities. The MWTRI framework is verified as a robust tool for both water management evaluation and technology selection in mine water treatment systems.