Abstract: The coal industry is a key area for pollution reduction and carbon mitigation in China. Clarifying the emission characteristics of CO₂ and air pollutants during the coal mining process is crucial for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. A typical open-pit coal mine in China is taken as research object, and three scenarios are developed employing the long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) model: base scenario (BS), low carbon (LC) scenario, and enhanced low carbon (ELC) scenario. The evolution of energy consumption and the characteristics and reduction paths of CO₂ and pollutant emissions under different policies and measures are investigated, and the emission reduction paths are also presented. It is shown that under the LC and ELC scenario, the energy consumption structure of the open-pit coal mine changes significantly from being dominated by diesel to being dominated by electricity, effectively controlling CO₂ and pollutant emissions during the coal mining process. Compared with the BS scenario, by 2050, the reduction rate of CO₂ emission reaches 51.2% under the LC scenario, and the emission reduction rates for CO, NOₓ, sulfur compounds, and PM_2.5 are 37.6%. Specifically, the transportation sector has the greatest potential for CO₂ and pollutant emission reductions in open-pit coal mines. Under the LC scenario by 2050, the CO₂ emission reduction rate in the transportation sector reaches 59.2%, and the emission reduction rates for CO, NOₓ, sulfur compounds, and PM_2.5 are 43.2%. The study shows that the key to reducing pollution and carbon emissions in open-pit coal mines lies in the clean-up and energy efficiency improvement of the transportation sector. It is necessary to prioritize the transformation of high-energy-consumption and high-emission sector, and focus on promoting clean transportation equipment such as electric and hydrogen-powered mining trucks in the transportation sector. The clean-up of transportation should be carried out in stages to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Meanwhile, improving the energy efficiency of links such as drilling and blasting, excavation and loading, and spoil disposal is also an important measure to reduce CO₂ and air pollutant emissions during the mining process of open-pit coal mines. The findings of this study can provide references for the formulation of energy-saving and emission-reduction paths and the green and low-carbon transition of open-pit coal mines.