Abstract: Most of the coal seams in China have relatively low permeability. How to enhance the gas drainage efficiency by using coal seam permeability improvement techniques has become a key research focus in the field of coal mine safety. Ultrasonic stimulation, which can effectively improve the pore and fracture structure of coal seams, promote gas desorption and seepage, is widely regarded as a promising method for enhancing coal seam permeability. To systematically understand the research status and future development direction of ultrasonic stimulation for enhancing gas flow in coal seams, this paper classifies and summarizes the relevant research achievements at home and abroad in recent years. It reviews the development history of ultrasonic stimulation for enhancing gas flow in coal seams, and elaborates on its physical basis and mechanism. This method promotes the generation and expansion of micro-fractures in coal by mechanical vibration, thermal effect and cavitation, improves pore connectivity, increases the kinetic energy of gas desorption, and thereby enhances the gas migration capacity. It systematically analyzes the influence laws of ultrasonic stimulation on gas flow enhancement in coal seams and finds that the degree of coal functional group fracture, pore and fracture modification and gas flow enhancement efficiency are positively correlated with the moisture content of coal, ultrasonic power and stimulation time. The pore and fracture modification and gas flow enhancement effects of low-rank coal are better than those of high-rank coal. It proposes new methods for promoting gas desorption and flow enhancement in coal seams under different liquid environments and pulsed ultrasonic stimulation. To further promote the safe, efficient and large-scale application of this method, the key research directions in the future are: the multi-field coupling and synergy mechanism of ultrasonic stimulation for enhancing gas flow in coal seams, the research on the geological-engineering integrated matching technology for ultrasonic stimulation to enhance gas flow in coal seams, the equipment for ultrasonic stimulation to enhance gas flow in coal seams and the intellectualization of this technology and equipment. Through in-depth exploration of the above key issues, it is expected to break through the existing bottlenecks and promote the practical application of ultrasonic targeted stimulation and precise control technology in low-permeability coal seams, achieving efficient gas flow enhancement and precise drainage.