Abstract: Large-scale cluster deployment is the development direction of the CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage) technology and the national major demand of fossil energy low-carbon utilization. The synergistic relationship and mechanism between CO₂ geological storage potential and energy resources are the theoretical basis of the CCUS large-scale cluster deployment. In this study, the major progress in the fields of CO₂ geological storage potential and its evaluation methods, the CCUS source-sink matching and pipe network design model, the synergistic relationship between CO₂ geological storage potential and energy resources, and the technical basis and mode of the CCUS cluster deployment are systematically reviewed. The research ideas on the theoretical methodology of synergy between CO₂ geological storage potential and energy resources in China are discussed and envisioned. The main conclusions of the research are as follows. The CO₂ geological storage potential restricts the development potential and application scale of the CCUS technology. The evaluation method system of CO₂ geological storage potential is preliminarily established, which is composed of suitability evaluation method, storage capacity evaluation method, and storage site selection method. However, the evaluation method system of CO₂ geological storage potential urgently needs to be improved and developed in future research. Source-sink matching is the important direct basis for the CO₂ transportation pipeline network design and the CCUS large-scale cluster deployment. The improvement and establishment of the optimization model between the CCUS source-sink matching and the CCUS cluster pipe network model is the key technology for the CCUS source-sink matching, and the transformation from single-stage static planning model to multi-stage dynamic planning model is the development direction. The synergy between CO₂ geological storage potential and energy resources constitutes the constraint condition of the CCUS technology. The synergy between the CCUS technology and new energy technology, e.g., renewable energy, hydrogen energy, energy storage, etc. will be expected to form a new path, new mode, and new direction to achieve energy system decarbonization. The synergistic relationships between CO₂ geological storage potential and biomass and water resources restrict the large-scale deployment area of the CCUS technology and the application potential of the BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) technology. Therefore, the research on the optimization model of energy and resources system based on the CCUS source-sink matching model will be a new technical requirement. The CO₂ geological storage potential, energy-system constrained CCUS source-sink matching optimization scheme, and full flowsheet CCUS technology constitute the key technical basis for the CCUS cluster deployment. The CCUS cluster deployment mode of onshore storage with near-source transportation should be the priority development direction in China. The CCUS cluster deployment mode of onshore storage and offshore storage with remote-source transmission also have development prospects in Yangtze River Delta and Great Bay Area.