煤系多气多层合采规律大尺寸物理模拟试验

Experimental study on large-scale physical simulation of multi-gas and multi-layer combined mining in coal bearing strata

  • 摘要: 煤系多气多层合采过程中的储层参数动态变化深刻影响煤系气的高效产出。为了揭示煤系多气多层合采过程中的应力、储层压力、流体产出的动态变化规律及相互制约关系,以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴—神府区块深部煤系储层地质条件为参照,设计1 200 mm×1 200 mm×2 060 mm大尺寸叠合储层物理模型(含2层砂岩与2层煤岩),利用自主研发的深部煤岩工程多功能物理模拟试验系统,开展了真三轴应力加载条件下的煤系多气多层合采试验,探讨了不同产层产气动态规律及层间流量干扰,分析注采过程中应力及储层压力传递特征及对邻近层的影响规律。结果表明,在合采过程中,储层瞬时产气量达到峰值后指数递减,且在高流量阶段砂岩层流量衰减更快,但低流量阶段煤层流量衰减速度更快;砂岩层流量大于煤层流量,厚煤层流量大于薄煤层流量;提高砂岩层流量会使煤层流量下降,降低砂岩层流量会导致煤层流量上升,表明各产层存在明显的层间流量干扰。合采过程中,厚煤层的储层压力降幅及衰减速率低于薄煤层。此外,对砂岩层注气,砂岩层和煤层的应力会增大,且加、卸载过程中改变储层应力会显著影响储层压力的变化。研究揭示了煤系多气多层合采过程中应力、储层压力、产气量之间的相互制约关系,对多气多层合采过程中的流量动态调控、跨层应力与压力传递及层间干扰协同控制具有启示意义。

     

    Abstract: The interference of reservoir parameters during the multi-gas and multi-layer combined production of coal measure reservoirs seriously affect the efficient output of coal measure gas. In order to reveal the dynamic change laws and inter-relation of stress, reservoir pressure and fluid production during the multi-gas and multi-layered production process in coal measure reservoirs, a large-scale composite reservoir physical model (1 200 mm×1 200 mm×2 060 mm) containing two sandstone layers and two coal seams is innovatively designed based on the geological conditions of Linxing Block in Ordos Basin. A combined mining experiment of multi-gas and multi-layer in coal measure reservoirs was conducted utilizing the independently developed multi-functional physical simulation experimental system for deep coal and rock engineering. The dynamic gas production patterns of different production layers and interlayer flow interference among them were discussed, and the characteristics of stress transmission and reservoir pressure as well as their impact on adjacent layers were analyzed during the process of gas injection and gas extraction. The results show that during the combined production, the instantaneous gas production peaked and then decreased exponentially, with faster flow decay in sandstone layers during high-flow stages and in coal seams during low-flow stages. During the entire gas production stage, the instantaneous gas production rates of the four layers were observed to be higher in the sandstone layers than in the coal layers, and higher in the thick coal layers than in the thin coal layers. Increasing the flow rate of the sandstone layer would result in a decrease in the flow rate of the coal layer; while reducing the flow rate of the sandstone layer will cause an increase in the flow rate of the coal layer. This indicated that there was a significant inter-layer flow interference among the various production layers. During the combined production process, the decline in reservoir pressure and the rate of pressure decay in thick coal seam is lower than that in thin coal seam. Furthermore, when gas is injected into the sandstone layer, both the solid pressure of the sandstone layer and that of the coal layer will increase. Moreover, during the loading and unloading process, changes in the stress will significantly affect the variation of gas pressure. The research has revealed the interdependent relationships among stress, reservoir pressure and gas production volume during the multi-layered combined production of coal measure gas. It has significant implications for the dynamic regulation of flow rate, cross-layer stress and pressure transmission, as well as the coordinated control of inter-layer interference in the process of multi-layered combined production of coal measure gas.

     

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