Abstract: Mine geological structure,one of the most important factors restricting coal production,not only directly in- fluences the efficiency of coal production,but also significantly controls geological hazards including gas outburst and water inrush,which seriously threatens the production safety of coal mines. Thus,the prediction and assessment of mine geological structures are not only practical problems urgently to be solved in coal production,but also important science puzzles. In this paper,the research status of mine geological structure prediction and its control on gas occurrence and outburst in China are systematically reviewed. The evaluation theory,comment and technical methods of gas occurrence and outburst prediction are explained on the basis of “regional geology background-mine geological structure-coal de- formation characteristics-development and gas properties of tectonically deformed coal (TDC)” by taking Xinjing mine of Yangquan mining area as an example. Research shows that the studies on mine geological structure focus mainly on qualitative evaluation and prediction before 1980s,and substantive progress was made from qualitative description to quantitative evaluation from 1990s to the early 20-th century,while the progress was relatively slow in recent years. It is pointed out that the geological-condition-based multi-information fusion of mathematical methods,geophysical explo- ration,and computer techniques will be an important development direction of mine geological structure quantitative prediction and evaluation. The current research about the control of faults,folds and interlayer slip structures on gas occurrence and outburst is confined to static analysis or some specific factors,while based on the prediction of mine ge- ological structure,deeply analyzing the development,evolution and distribution of different TDCs and revealing their gas geological characteristics are the development trend of gas outburst prediction. The case study of Xinjing mine shows that the distinctive mine geological structures due to the superposition of EW and NNE-NE folds play some sig- nificant controlling roles on the development of tectonically deformed coals and gas occurrence law and reveals the structural dynamics mechanism of gas heterogeneous distribution.