基于火灾烟流演化的矿井防火分区划分与联动调控系统研究

Research on division of fire compartments in mines and interlocking control system based on evolution of fire smoke flow

  • 摘要: 针对矿井火灾烟流不可控蔓延易导致重大事故,现场应急调控难度大缺乏联动排烟系统的问题,基于火灾烟流演化规律确定了传感器布设位置,提出了灾变烟流调控的原则方法、控风目标和求解模型。以转龙湾煤矿胶带巷为例建立模型,模拟分析了火灾蔓延、烟气运移、CO与温度场分布等规律,确定了传感器布设最佳位置,并以转龙湾煤矿通风系统建立火灾烟流应急联动调控模型,使用短路排烟法模拟研究了一水平Ⅱ−3煤胶带巷与西部巷道有无控风措施的火灾烟流演化规律,探讨了不同火源位置的风烟流演化特征及联动控风排烟方法,提出了矿井大防火分区与小防火分区结合的划分策略,开展了不同防火分区模式下火灾烟气演化模拟并对比控风排烟效果,揭示了矿井复杂通风网络火灾风烟流的联动调控机制。结果表明:风速对烟气运移影响较大,风速在2~2.5 m/s时,烟流逆退消失,风速大于2.5 m/s,高温烟气不再逆流,火灾初期巷道顶部出现高温区,依风速在巷道顶部多区域布置传感器;一水平胶带巷后部起火,烟流180 s后将蔓延至一水平尾部与232采区,控制烟流时70 s时烟气被导入回风巷,西部巷道中后部起火,1500 s时整个采区被高温烟气侵袭,控制烟流时烟气被导入西部回风巷;将转龙湾矿井划分为了4个大防火分区和9个小防火分区,开展了灾变时期网络解算,证明划分的防火分区可有效控制火灾烟流且满足关键巷道的用风需求。基于传感器精确感知、研发了矿井火灾烟流智能应急联动控制系统,集成了备用电源和压风动力,保障了灾变停电、压风动力破坏条件下风门(风窗)的自动控制,实现了巷网风烟流联动控制,为井下人员逃生和灾情的应急处置创造了安全条件。

     

    Abstract: In response to the problem that the uncontrollable spread of smoke flow during mine fires can lead to major accidents, and the difficulty in on-site emergency control and the lack of a coordinated smoke exhaust system, based on the evolution laws of fire smoke flow, the sensor placement positions were determined, and the principles, methods, control goals, and solution models for disaster smoke flow regulation were proposed. Taking the conveyor belt alley of Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine as an example, a model was established to simulate and analyze the laws of fire spread, smoke gas movement, CO and temperature field distribution, and determine the optimal sensor placement positions. A fire smoke flow emergency coordinated control model for the ventilation system of Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine was established, using the short-circuit smoke exhaust method to simulate and study the evolution laws of fire smoke flow in the horizontal II-3 conveyor belt alley and the western alley with or without wind control measures. The wind and smoke flow evolution characteristics and coordinated wind smoke flow control methods for different fire source positions were discussed, and a strategy for combining large and small fire prevention zones in the mine was proposed. Different fire smoke evolution simulation under different fire prevention zone modes was carried out and the control effect of wind smoke flow was compared, revealing the coordinated control mechanism of fire smoke flow in the complex ventilation network of the mine. The results show that wind speed has a significant impact on smoke gas movement. When the wind speed is between 2 m/s and 2.5 m/s, the backward flow of smoke disappears. When the wind speed is greater than 2.5 m/s, the high-temperature smoke gas no longer flows backward. At the beginning of the fire, a high-temperature area appears at the top of the alley. Sensors should be placed in multiple areas at the top of the alley according to the wind speed. If a fire starts at the rear of the horizontal conveyor belt alley, the smoke flow will spread to the rear end of the horizontal and the 232 mining area in 180 seconds. At 70 seconds, the smoke gas is introduced back into the return airway. If a fire starts in the middle rear of the western alley, the entire mining area is invaded by high-temperature smoke gas at 1500 seconds. At 70 seconds, the smoke gas is introduced into the western return airway. The Zhuanlongwan mine was divided into 4 large fire prevention zones and 9 small fire prevention zones. Network calculation was carried out during the disaster period, proving that the divided fire prevention zones can effectively control the fire smoke flow and meet the ventilation requirements of key alleys. Based on precise sensor perception, an intelligent emergency coordinated control system for mine fire smoke flow was developed, integrating backup power supply and pressurized air power, ensuring the automatic control of wind doors (windows) under disaster power outage and damage to pressurized air power, achieving coordinated control of the wind and smoke flow in the network, and creating safe conditions for the escape of underground personnel and the emergency handling of disaster situations.

     

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