Abstract: The advent of 5G technology has strengthened and deeply integrated the technologies such as the internet of things,big data and artificial intelligence,and has formed a relatively mature 5G technology ecosystem. This has effec- tively promoted the transformation,upgrading and intelligent development of various industries including the coal min- ing industry. Through analyzing the relationship between mobile communication technology and coal mining,this paper clarifies the important role of 5G technology in coal mine production,analyzes the problems associated with smart coal mines,such as 5G communication,intelligent equipment,intelligent decision-making,etc. ,and explores the technical means to solve the existing problems from the angle of 5G technology ecosystem. Moreover,based on the 5G technology ecology,it studies the connotation of smart coal mines,and puts forward the definition of smart coal mines by demon- strating its six necessary characteristics,namely the integration of space and time,the interconnection of all things,data fusion,holographic perception,business linkage and smart decision. Furthermore,it completes the construction of the o- verall architecture of a smart coal mine by revealing three technical elements required for smart coal mine infrastruc- ture,namely 5G technology,hybrid cloud and GIM technology,and proposing three design concepts involved in the top-level design,namely the cloud-side thinking mode,microservice architecture,and one-graph-based intelligent situa- tion analysis and decision. At the same time,it elaborates the research focus and direction required for six typical ap- plication scenarios in the construction of smart coal mines,including intelligent surveying,intelligent heading,intelli- gent mining,intelligent ventilation,intelligent washing and intelligent scheduling. Finally,it takes Balasu Coal Mine as a case to demonstrate the concept of smart coal mine construction by taking into account the actual mining conditions and development visions,providing a new reference for the construction of smart coal mines in China.