黄河流域中上游煤-水协调开采的地下水原位保护技术
In situ groundwater protection technology based on mining⁃conservation coordination in the middle and upper reaches of Yellow River Basin
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摘要: 煤炭开采是破坏黄河流域煤矿区地表生态环境最强烈的人为活动，而水资源供需矛盾是制 约煤矿区生态环境治理、绿色矿山建设的关键因素。 为缓解煤炭开采对地下水资源及地表生态环 境的影响，基于采动影响下含水层破坏机理，形成了近黄河流域煤炭开采的地下水保护思路，提出 了黄河流域中上游煤-水协调开采的地下水原位保护技术，阐明了该技术以控制坚硬顶板不破断 与充填体置换煤柱的思路而实现地下水原位保护的基本原理，介绍了地下水原位保护技术中加固 煤柱的条带开采、留窄煤柱的置换煤柱充填开采 2 个技术步骤及优势。 结合沿空留巷的围岩控制 技术与充填开采的快速增阻强度，通过建立坚硬顶板破断力学模型，分析了加固煤柱的条带开采、 留窄煤柱的置换煤柱充填开采的可行性。 以近黄河流域的离柳矿区双柳煤矿为研究对象，分析确 定了有效达到地下水原位保护的关键技术参数，如条带开采参数、煤柱旁充填宽度、充填置换煤柱 时维持巷道稳定的窄煤柱留设宽度以及坚硬顶板不破断的最小充填率等，并基于条带开采煤柱剥 离理论及其长期稳定性评价方法，分析表明该技术所留设煤柱及充填体具有长期稳定性，能有效保 护含水层及地表生态环境。Abstract: Coal mining is the most intensive human activity that causes the damage of surface ecological environment in the coal mining area of the Yellow River Basin，and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is the key factor limiting the ecological environment governance and green mine construction in the coal mining area. In order to alleviate the impact of coal mining on groundwater resources and surface ecological environment，based on the damage mechanism of aquifer under the influence of mining， the groundwater protection idea of coal mining near the Yellow River Basin was formed. Also the in situ groundwater protection technology of coal water coordinated mining in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin was proposed. Its basic principle was ex⁃ pounded，i.e. controlling the hard roof not to break and replacing the coal pillar with backfilling body. Two technical steps(strip mining of reinforced coal pillar and backfill mining with retaining narrow coal pillar) and their advantages were introduced. Combined with the surrounding rock control technology of gob side entry retaining and the rapid re⁃ sistance increasing strength of backfill mining， the feasibility of two technical steps was analyzed by establishing the hard roof fracture mechanical model. Taking the Shuangliu coalmine near the Yellow River Basin as the research object， the key technical parameters were analyzed and determined， such as the strip mining parameters，the backfill width beside the coal pillar，the reserved width of the narrow coal pillar，and the minimum backfill rate of the hard roof without breaking. Meanwhile， based on the strip mining pillar stripping theory and long⁃term stability evaluation method，it is concluded that the coal pillar and backfill body retained in this technolo⁃ gy have long⁃term stability，which can effectively protect the aquifer and surface ecological environment.
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