Abstract: According to the conditions of deep high pressure coal roadway,a two-way incremental load similarity simulation test platform was designed and developed,and a similar model of coal roadway of deep mine was established,the incremental load simulation test was performed on the strata failure process of coal roadway (from excavation to formation of roadway).Also,the disaster mechanism of rockburst of coal roadway was discussed.The results show that ① when the roadway is formed,the surrounding rock mass is in the state of stress unloading.After the roadway is formed,the surrounding rock pressure of the roadway begins to enter the fluctuating stage of “slow increase fast increase slow increase”.When the load on the left and top of the roadway model increases,the deformation of surrounding rock increases and the local damage is obvious.The pressure of surrounding rock begins to enter the “quick increase mutation” stage,and the roadway rockburst occurs.After the impact failure,the surrounding rock pressure of the roadway enters the “reduced stable” stage.Compared with the pressure of the surrounding rock before load increase,the pressure of roof and floor strata,the left side and the shallow part of the roadway right side basically returns to the size before rockburst,but the deep pressure of the right side of the roadway is still in a high stress state.② During the excavation,the strata of coal roadway enter the unloading state,and the pressure is in a state of gradual fluctuation and no sudden change.After the excavation,the unloading strata of the coal roadway is further damaged,and the pressure enters a “fast increase slow increase” fluctuation stage,and the mutation is not obvious.By applying incremental load on both sides of the model,the damage of surrounding rock is more obvious,and the pressure enters the “rapid increase sudden change calm” stage.It is characterized by “rapid increase first and mutation later”. When the incremental load is applied to the test model,the strata failure of coal roadway is characterized by increased local deformation,obvious failure deformation fluctuations,and surrounding rock instability impact in deep mine.③ The engineering practice research has been carried out in the 3113 fully mechanized topcoal caving mining work face of Tengdong Coal Mine in Shandong Province.Field measurement shows that the test results are basically in line with the actual situation,which verifies the reliability of the test method and results in this study.According to the spatial structure model of strata of the deep roadway,it can be known that the development and adjustment of the surrounding rock structure and stress is actually an impact instability process from rock deformation,structure incubation to impact instability of the interaction of the roof structure,the roadway wedge wall structure and the floor swell structure under incremental load.The research shows that the simulation test better reveals the mechanics of impact disaster of rock burst in deep roadway.