黄河流域矿区生态环境与黄河泥沙协同治理原理与技术方法
Principle and technology of coordinated control of eco-environment of mining areas and river sediments in Yellow River watershed
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摘要: 黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已经成为国家战略。黄河泥沙淤积和矿区生态环境恶化是黄河流域面临的两大生态环境难题。在分析这两大问题的特征及协同治理原理的基础上，提出了2者协同治理原理与技术方法。结果表明：① 黄河泥沙与矿区生态环境协同治理存在供需、空间位置、材质、政策、经济等5个方面的协同关系。② 黄河泥沙与矿区生态环境协同治理的关键是解决取沙、输沙、用沙三大环节的技术问题和3者之间的耦合。③ 取沙和输沙可通过多因素优选和设备改进与研制解决。④ 黄河泥沙可以分别用作充填材料、表土替代材料和土壤改良材料。⑤ 黄河泥沙用作充填材料时可采用划分充填条带并在条带末端加设土工布全断面排水沟的强化排水方法实现快速固结排水，采用“夹层式”土壤剖面结构和间隔条带交替式多层多次充填施工工艺实现土壤重构，恢复耕地可实现当年达产。⑥ 分别给出了黄河泥沙作为表土替代材料和土壤改良材料的技术方法，解决材质筛选和组配问题。经在山东省邱集煤矿和内蒙古自治区乌海市矿山生态修复案例分析，证明了黄河泥沙作为充填材料和表土替代材料的可行性。最后对协同治理的应用前景给予了展望。Abstract: Eco-environment protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River watershed has become a national strategy. The silting-up of the Yellow River and the eco-environment damage of mining areas are two key problems in this watershed. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the two key problems, this study conducted a research on the principle and technology of coordinatedcontrolof the ecoenvironment of mining areas and river sediments. Results shows that: ① there are five coordination relationship such as supply and demand, spatial position, texture, policy and economics in the coordinatedcontrol. ② The keys tothe coordinatedcontrol are removal, transportation and utilization of the Yellow River sediments. ③ Removal and transportation of sediments should be an optimized technical process based on multiple factors and improvedwith the equipment improvement. ④ The Yellow River sediments could be used as filling material, topsoil alternatives and soil improvement materials in the ecological restoration of mining areas. ⑤ When the Yellow River sediment is used as filling materials, some key technical procedures should be followed such as striping the land for filling, draining water for the solidification of sediment by putting textiles at the end of strips, reconstructing a sandwich soil profile, and using an innovation construction method called alternating multiple filling reclamation for soil reconstruction. ⑥ Some technical methods are also presented while the Yellow River sediment is used as topsoil alternatives or soil improvement materials. This paper presents two case studies, oneis in the Qiuji Coal Mine of Shandong province and other is mine ecological reclamation in the Wuhai city of Inner Mongolia. They demonstrate that it is feasible to use the river sediment as filling material for restoring farmland and as topsoil alternatives for revegetation. In addition, this paper provides an outlook on the application of the coordinatedcontrol method.
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期刊类型引用(11)
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