Abstract: There are nine large-scale coal bases in the Yellow River Basin in China.The raw coal output in the Yellow River Basin accounts for 70% of total coal output in China,and it is still growing rapidly.The geological environment of the Yellow River Basin is fragile,especially in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The geological environment effect of large-scale coal mining is significant.Good geological environment monitoring is the basis for ensuring the sustainable development of the coal bases in the Yellow River Basin.Based on the analysis of the impact of coal mining on the geological environment in the study area,this paper summarizes the geological environment characteristics of the coal base in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,including the geological environment characteristics of coal seam occurrence,groundwater environment characteristics,surface water environment and ecological environment characteristics,and summarizes the geological environment disturbance caused by coal mining in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and its indicators,including the continuous decline of groundwater level,spring water cut-off and drying up,sharp decrease of river flow,reservoir drying up,and serious surface damage in loess gully and desert area.The sensitive elements in the geological environment of large-scale coal bases in the Yellow River Basin are screened,including hydrological and water resources,ecological environment,geological disasters,rock deformation monitoring and other elements monitoring.The disturbance intensity of coal mining geological environment is classified,and the strong disturbance area,general disturbance area and non-disturbance area are divided.According to different disturbance degree of coal mining,the corresponding division is made at the same time,different monitoring methods are developed,the construction ideas of geological environment monitoring network are proposed,and the monitoring system platform is designed,which provide the foundation for the construction of mine geological environment monitoring network.At present,the groundwater monitoring system and geological hazard monitoring system have been built,the surface water and surface morphology monitoring system has been built in some coal mines,and the ecological environment monitoring system is under construction.