燃煤电厂污染物脱除设备对PM2.5排放影响的研究进展
Advances in the study of the effects of pollutant removal equipmenton PM2.5 emissions in coal-fired power plants
-
摘要: 对燃煤电厂传统的静电除尘技术进行改造是满足我国日益严格的污染物排放标准的必要前提。针对燃煤细颗粒物的生成机理、气体污染物脱除技术对细颗粒物排放影响及高效除尘技术进行了较全面的总结，其中高效除尘技术部分主要包括对强化尾部除尘技术原理、优点和局限性及投运情况和源头控制技术机理，发展趋势等方面的介绍。煤中无机矿物的气化凝结、异相作用和破碎是PM2.5的主要形成机理。电厂NOx和SOx等污染物控制技术对PM2.5的排放有复杂的影响作用。燃煤电厂可从强化尾部除尘、烟气预处理和燃烧源控制3个方面对PM2.5排放加以控制。强化尾部除尘技术通过对传统除尘设备进行技术改造，从而改善其对细颗粒物的脱除效果，如高频电源除尘技术、湿电除尘技术、电袋复合除尘技术等。烟气预处理技术通过外加条件对进入除尘器之前的烟气进行处理，使烟气中的细颗粒物发生团聚长大或降低烟温以提高除尘效率，目前常用的有团聚技术和低低温电除尘技术。团聚技术又主要包括化学团聚、湍流团聚、蒸汽相变团聚、声波团聚等。燃烧源头控制细颗粒物生成技术可解决传统除尘设备存在的穿透窗口问题，且无需增加额外设备，经济型较高，主要包括混煤燃烧技术和添加剂技术。深入理解气体污染物脱除技术对细颗粒物排放的影响的将为燃煤细颗粒物排放控制提供一种新思路。Abstract: The transformation of the traditional electrostatic dust removal technology of coal-fired power plants is a necessary prerequisite for meeting increasingly stringent pollutant emission standards.The particle formation mechanisms during coal combustion,the influence of gas pollutant removal technology on the emission of fine particles and high-efficiency dust removal technology were reviewed.For the high-efficiency dust removal technology,it mainly includes the principle,advantages and limitations of enhanced tail dust removal technology,and the introduction to the operational situation,the mechanism of source control technology,and development trends.The main formation mechanisms of PM2.5 are gasification,condensation,heterogeneity and fragmentation of inorganic minerals.Pollutant control technologies such as NOx and SOx in power plants have a complex impact on PM2.5 emissions.There are mainly three technical routes for PM2.5 emission reduction,i.e.enhanced tail dust removal,flue gas pretreatment,and combustion source control.The reform of traditional dust devices can improve the removal efficiency,such as high-frequency power precipitator,wet electrostatic precipitator and ultraclean electrostatic-fabric integrated precipitator.The flue gas pretreatment technology treats the flue gas before entering the dust collector through additional conditions,so that the fine particles will agglomerate and grow or reduce the flue gas temperature to improve the removal efficiency.At present,common technologies mainly include agglomeration technology and low-temperature electric dust removal.For particle agglomeration technology,it mainly consists of chemical agglomeration,turbulent agglomeration,heterogeneous condensation agglomeration,acoustic agglomeration.Combustion source control technology can solve the problem of penetration window,and does not need to add additional equipment,which is more economical.Combustion source control technology mainly includes mixed coal combustion technology and additive technology.An in-depth understanding of the impact of gaseous pollutant removal technology will provide a new idea for the control of fine particulate emissions from coal combustion.
-
-
期刊类型引用(9)
1. 洪梅，张铭，马骁，郑俊，钱付平. 超疏水PAN/PVDF-HFP/TiO_2纤维膜及其高温烟尘过滤性能. 中国环境科学. 2025(01): 40-49 . 
百度学术
2. 郑桂波，吴建群，吴昊，薛宁涛，刘芳琪，徐国荣，于敦喜. 1000MW燃煤机组负荷变化对飞灰特性的影响. 洁净煤技术. 2023(01): 154-160 . 百度学术
3. 李欣雨，朱桂英，王存民，朱金佗，徐欢，何新建. 原位MOF化聚乳酸纤维膜制备及空气过滤性能. 煤炭学报. 2023(10): 3885-3894 . 本站查看
4. 李洋，刘芳琪，周俊波，吴建群，吴昊，于聪明，于敦喜. 1000 MW超低排放燃煤机组SCR和LLT-ESP对颗粒物排放特性的影响. 煤炭转化. 2022(03): 71-79 . 百度学术
5. 赵雯涵，吴水木，李英杰. 钙基工业固废循环捕集CO_2性能研究进展. 煤炭学报. 2022(11): 3926-3935 . 本站查看
6. 朱召平. 电袋复合除尘器脱除细颗粒物的效率影响因素研究. 环境污染与防治. 2022(12): 1585-1588+1606 . 百度学术
7. 张银晓，刘磊，严沁，孔少飞，李卫军. 燃煤电厂和民用燃煤排放细颗粒物的微观特征及差异. 煤炭学报. 2022(12): 4388-4394 . 本站查看
8. 葛宏飞，孔少飞，刘晋宏，冯韵凯，覃思，祁士华. 典型工业过程一次颗粒物实时排放特征. 煤炭学报. 2022(12): 4375-4387 . 本站查看
9. 牛红亚，史沥介，任秀龙，金妞，王硕，李淑娇，胡偲豪，吴春苗，卢彦琦，樊景森，孙玉壮. 燃煤城市及其周边地区“双代”后大气环境颗粒物的化学特征. 煤炭学报. 2022(12): 4362-4374 . 本站查看
其他类型引用(7)
下载:
图(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 391
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 180
- 被引次数: 16
