Abstract: Axial splitting anti-impact and energy-absorption components used in anchor bolts are designed to make an-chor bolts adapt to a large deformation of surrounding rock in deep roadway,effectively preventing rock burst. The the-oretical and experimental methods were used to analyze the deformation properties and energy absorption effect of axial splitting components. And the application mode and working principle of the component in anchor bolt tail were pre-liminary analyzed and field test effect was studied. The results show that the axial splitting components deform stably, producing radially spiral strips with a good degree of repeatability and controllability. There are two typical energy ab-sorption stages in load-displacement curves,i. e. ,“fluctuant energy absorption stage with peak load” and “stable en-ergy absorption stage with constant load”. And the fluctuant axial load could be eliminated by advance splitting process,which can make the efficiency of stable energy absorption reach 100% . For components which are 26 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness,the constant axial load reach 111. 8 ~ 143. 1 kN,and the energy absorption value reach 5. 77 ~ 8. 93 kJ,the theoretical value of constant axial load and energy absorption is close to experimental value of that. Field test shows that the components could split to yield.