杨永均,赵姣,马静,等. 露采矿山复绿对土壤微生物群落及其组装过程的影响[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(4):1661−1672. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0268
引用本文: 杨永均,赵姣,马静,等. 露采矿山复绿对土壤微生物群落及其组装过程的影响[J]. 煤炭学报,2023,48(4):1661−1672. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0268
YANG Yongjun,ZHAO Jiao,MA Jing,et al. Impacts of regreening on soil microbial community and its assembly process in open-pit mining area of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(4):1661−1672. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0268
Citation: YANG Yongjun,ZHAO Jiao,MA Jing,et al. Impacts of regreening on soil microbial community and its assembly process in open-pit mining area of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2023,48(4):1661−1672. DOI: 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2022.0268

露采矿山复绿对土壤微生物群落及其组装过程的影响

Impacts of regreening on soil microbial community and its assembly process in open-pit mining area of the Loess Plateau

  • 摘要: 植被恢复是矿区生态系统健康的重要标志,厘清植被恢复对土壤微生物群落特征及其组装过程的影响,对探索矿区生态恢复弹性及自维持机制至关重要。为此,采用MiSeq高通量测序并结合零模型分析技术,探测黄土高原平朔安太堡露采矿排土场已复垦18 a的灌木丛(BL)、针叶林(CF)、阔叶林(BF)、混交林(MF)和控制样地(CK,已持续生长大于30 a未受干扰的周边杨树林)土壤微生物群落组成、分子生态网络特征、关键菌群及其组装机制。结果表明:① 不同植被恢复类型对细菌群落α多样性具有显著性影响(P<0.05),与CK相比,MF和CF的Sobs和Shannon指数分别增加了35.29%、3.50%和25.18%、1.05%,但不同植被恢复类型间真菌群落α多样性差异不显著;② 放线菌门、绿弯菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门是细菌群落优势菌门,且前2者显著高于CK,后2者则相反(P<0.05)。子囊菌门和担子菌门是真菌群落优势菌门,前者显著高于CK,后者则相反(P<0.05);③ 随机性过程主导了土壤细菌群落构建过程,除MF土壤真菌群落由确定性过程主导外,其他真菌群落也由随机性过程主导。但无论哪种植被恢复类型,随机性过程对细菌群落组装的主导作用均远高于真菌群落。其外,变形菌门和酸杆菌门是细菌网络中的关键类群,被孢霉目、寡囊盘菌目、刺盾炱目、肉座菌目是真菌网络中的关键类群。植被恢复影响微生物群落多样性,BL、CF和MF增加了细菌网络的稳定性,MF使真菌网络更复杂;土壤细菌组装过程由随机性过程主导,除MF外真菌组装过程也由随机性过程主导。

     

    Abstract: Vegetation restoration is an important indicator of ecosystem health in a mining area. Understanding the impact of vegetation restoration on the characteristics and assembly process of soil microbial community is very important to explore the resilience and self-sustaining mechanism of the restored ecosystem in a mining area. Therefore, this study uses MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and zero model to detect the composition of soil microbial communities, the characteristics of molecular ecological network, the key flora and its assembly mechanism in the shrubs (BL), coniferous forests (CF), broad-leaved forests (BF), mixed forests (MF), that have been reclaimed for 18 years in Antaibao open-pit mining dump, and the control plots (CK, undisturbed surrounding poplar forests that have continued to grow for more than 30 years) in Pingshuo, Loess Plateau. The results show that: ① The effects of different vegetation restoration types on the bacterial community α-diversity are significant (P < 0.05). Compared with CK, the Sobs and Shannon index of MF and CF have increased by 35.29%, 3.50% and 25.18%, 1.05%, respectively, whereas there is no significant difference in the α-diversity of fungal community among different vegetation restoration types. ② Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria dominate in the bacterial community, and the first two dominant phylum are significantly higher than CK, while the latter two are opposite (P < 0.05). Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant fungi in the fungal community. The former is significantly higher than CK, while the latter is opposite (P < 0.05). ③ The stochastic process dominates the construction process of the soil bacterial community. In addition to the MF soil fungal community dominated by deterministic process, other fungal communities are also dominated by a stochastic process. However, no matter which type of vegetation is restored, the dominant role of the randomness process on the assembly of the bacterial community is much higher than that of the fungal community. Moreover, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria are key taxa of the bacterial network, while Mortierellales, Thelebolales, Chaetothyriales, and Hypocreales are the key taxa of the fungal network. Vegetation restoration affects microbial community diversity, BL, CF, and MF increase the stability of the bacterial network, and MF makes fungal network more complex. The soil bacterial assembly process is dominated by stochastic processes, except for MF, and the fungal assembly process is also dominated by stochastic processes.

     

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