Abstract: As shallow coal resources are gradually exhausted in China, the shift of coal mining from shallow to deep will become a new normal condition for ensuring the energy demand of China. Aiming at the problems of coal and gas outbursts, rockburst, and complex dynamic disasters faced by the mining of deep coal resources, the research progress of coal and rock dynamic disaster mechanism in China is analyzed, the key technologies of coal and rock dynamic disaster evaluation, monitoring and early warning are expounded, and the measures and technical means of coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and risk control are summarized. Based on the trend of deep coal mining, the scientific and technological problems and scientific research prospects for the prevention of coal and rock dynamic disasters are put forward. In terms of research means, the research and development should focus on scientific research instruments that can truly reflect the complex geological conditions, engineering conditions and the process of multi-field coupling. The simulation and reconstruction technology should be developed for the evolution of mine dynamic disasters. Also, the coupling evolution mechanism of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be investigated and revealed. In the aspect of dangerous area detection, it should further develop the advanced acceptable detection theory and technology of dynamic disaster dangerous area of working face based on geophysical means, and develop the drilling and inversion technology of multi-parameter space-time distribution of coal and rock strata under the influence of in-situ conditions and mining. In the aspect of risk assessment, it should carry out research on key indicators and intelligent assessment methods of disaster risk assessment under the coupling conditions of deep complex strata and mining engineering. In the aspect of monitoring and early warning, the coal mine multi-disaster integrated monitoring and early warning platform should be established to realize the coal mine multi-disaster integrated monitoring, intelligent early warning and accurate analysis of safety situation. The remote and accurate regional prevention and control technology of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be developed to realize the advanced regional prevention and control of coal and rock dynamic disasters. The digital emergency decision-making theory and key technology of coal and rock dynamic disasters should be studied in order to realize the intelligent emergency decision-making of coal and rock dynamic disasters. The systematic research on theory, technology, and equipment will guarantee the effective prevention and control of dynamic disasters and safe and efficient mining of coal resources.