Abstract: The deformation and failure characteristics of coal around gas drainage boreholes in deep soft and low permeability coal seams affect coal seam gas pre-drainage. Based on the condition of non-uniform stress field, the mechanical model of borehole disturbed coal mass was developed, the analytical solutions of stress, strain and displacement in the damaged zone, plastic zone and elastic zone of borehole disturbed coal mass were deduced, the influence law of factors such as lateral pressure coefficient, load condition, cohesion and hole expanding behavior on the “three zone” distribution of disturbed coal mass were analyzed, and the reliability of the theoretical model was verified through engineering examples. The results show that under the condition of non-uniform stress field, the plastic zone and damaged zone of disturbed coal mass are elliptical distribution. With the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, the length of the upper and lower wings of the plastic zone and damaged zone of disturbed coal mass becomes larger and larger, and the radius of the plastic zone and damaged zone in the direction of smaller stress is greater than the radius of the two zones in the direction of large stress. The radius of plastic zone and damaged zone of coal mass increases with the increase of vertical load, and decreases with the increase of initial cohesion and residual cohesion. The influence of vertical load on its shape can be ignored. When the borehole diameter is expanded from 0.1 m to 0.5 m, the coal mass 0−1.0 m away from the borehole center produces a strong disturbance, the coal mass 1.0−4.6 m produces a weak disturbance, and the coal mass after 4.6 m has almost no influence. Through the field example of No.16032 bottom pumping roadway hydraulic reaming in the Guhanshan coal mine, it is observed that the disturbed coal mass in the reaming section has a high degree of damage. Based on the coal output, the reaming diameter is deduced to be 1.5 m, and then the deformation and damage characteristics of drilling reaming coal mass are obtained through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation respectively. The two are in good agreement, so as to verify the reliability of the theoretical model.