王家臣. 我国综放开采40年及展望[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(1): 83-99.
引用本文: 王家臣. 我国综放开采40年及展望[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(1): 83-99.
WANG Jiachen. 40 years development and prospect of longwall top coal caving in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(1): 83-99.
Citation: WANG Jiachen. 40 years development and prospect of longwall top coal caving in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(1): 83-99.

我国综放开采40年及展望

40 years development and prospect of longwall top coal caving in China

  • 摘要: 我国应用和创新发展综放开采技术 40 a 来,取得了巨大成功和重大科技创新,实现了厚煤 层一次采全高和高产高效低成本开采,综放开采技术已经成为我国开采厚煤层的主要方法,也是我 国在世界煤炭开采行业的标志性技术。 在综放开采技术发展过程中,先后试验了高位放煤、中位放 煤、低位放煤,最终形成了我国的低位放煤综放开采技术。 支架结构形式从早期的四柱支架发展到 今天四柱与两柱并存的局面,对于智能开采工作面两柱支架更具优势。 我国的综放开采技术可以 分为 2 个阶段。 在前 20 a 的探索和推广应用阶段,针对我国煤层条件,充分发挥了综放开采的技 术优势,形成了高产高效综放开采模式、“ 三软” 厚煤层综放开采模式、“ 两硬” 厚煤层综放开采模 式、急倾斜厚煤层综放开采模式等。 在最近 20 a 的技术创新和输出阶段,我国创造性地开发了特 厚煤层大采高综放开采技术、急倾斜厚煤层综放开采技术等,在智能化开采与智能放煤技术等方面 取得了突破性进展,实现了综放开采技术从引进到输出的飞跃式发展。 我国已经形成了一批专注 综放开采技术研究的科技队伍,无论是综放开采的理论成果,还是技术成果都遥遥领先于世界其他 国家。 综放开采技术的进一步发展需要集中到综放工作面的全面智能化开采、智能放煤技术开发, 提高工作面端头顶煤采出率技术,开发基于采动岩层运动的保水开采、绿色开采和减灾开采等技 术,建立覆岩运动的统一场理论,研究综放开采低碳技术路径。

     

    Abstract: Since introducing and innovatively developing the longwall top coal caving (LTCC) technology more than 40 years ago, China has achieved a great success and significant technology innovation, realizing once mining full height in thick coal seam with high production,high efficiency and low cost. The LTCC has become a main method of mining thick coal seam in China,which also becomes a symbolic technology in the coal mining industry of the whole world. In the development progress of the LTCC,the authors have successively tested high⁃opening caving,middle⁃o⁃ pening caving and low⁃opening caving,finally formed the low⁃opening caving technology in China. The hydraulic sup⁃ port structure has developed from the early four⁃column type to the current situation where four⁃column type and two⁃column type coexist today,and it is more advantageous for two⁃pillar support in intelligent panel. China’s LTCC technology development can be divided into two stages. In the stage of exploration,promotion and application in the first 20 years,according to the seam conditions in China,the technical advantages of the LTCC were fully exer⁃ ted,forming high production and efficiency mining model,soft roof⁃coal⁃floor thick seam mining model,hard roof⁃coal thick seam mining model and steeply inclined thick seam mining model,etc. In the stage of technological in⁃ novation and export in the recent 20 years,China has creatively developed the LTCC with large mining height in ex⁃ tra⁃thick seam and steeply inclined thick seam mining, and made breakthrough in intelligent mining and intelligent coal drawing technology,realizing the leap⁃forward development of the LTCC technology from introduction to output. China has formed a group of scientists that focus on the research of the LTCC,and whether the theoretical in⁃ vestigations or the technical achievements of the LTCC are well advanced in the world. The further research needs to focus on the comprehensive intelligent mining in the LTCC panels,the development of intelligent coal drawing technol⁃ ogy,the technology of improving top coal recovery in the end area. In addition,it should develop the water protec⁃ tion mining,green mining and disasters⁃reduction mining technology based on ground movement induced by mining, establish the unified field theory of overburden movement,and study the low⁃carbon technology path of the LTCC.

     

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