Bubble-particle attachment science:Experimental advances in bubble-particle attachment on a micro-nano scale

Since the 1930s,bubble-particle attachment on a micro-nano scale has attracted the widespread attention of scholars. A series of experimental techniques have emerged to explore the mechanism of bubble-particle attachment. Based on the advances in bubble-particle attachment on a macroscopic scale,advances in the experimental techniques focus on the measurement of bubble-particle interaction force and film drainage on a micro-nano scale were reviewed.Techniques are generally classified into two categories:force measurement method and film drainage approach. For film drainage approach,such as bubble against plate assisted by micro-interference technique,thin film balance,and sur- face force apparatus,the deformation of gas-water interface and film thinning dynamics data were directly obtained by microscopic interference. The force information was further solved by the combination of extended DLVO theory and drainage equation. For force measurement method,colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to meas- ure surface and hydrodynamic forces,the film thinning rupture behavior was modeled by using hydrodynamic drainage models. Hydrophobic force was found to be the reason for the rapid thinning and rupture of thin liquid film between bubble and particle through both force measurement method and film drainage approach. The hydrophobic force ob- tained by film drainage approach tends to be a long-ranged force,while the hydrophobic force obtained by force meas- urement is a short-ranged force. The reason for this difference is still unclear. With the development of the combination of AFM and reflection interference contrast microscopy,force apparatus for deformable surfaces and integrated thin film drainage apparatus and integrated thin liquid film force apparatus, the synchronous measurement of the interaction force and the spatiotemporal evolution of the confined thin liquid film is a general trend,and it is expected to clarify the scientific mechanism of bubble-particle attachment. in the following research work.