Resilience mechanism of land ecosystem in mining area based on nonlinear dynamic model

Resilience is the key to achieve the goal of the resources exploitation with near-zero ecological damage and the systematic restoration of the land ecosystem. Although few studies have directly or indirectly suggested the impor- tance of resilience,the current theoretical understanding on the resilience mechanism of land ecosystem is still limited. This paper has established a nonlinear dynamic model of land ecosystem in mining area and used the numerical simu- lation to reveal the resilience’s dynamic performance and fundamental properties. This research aims at providing theoretical reference for the systematic protection and restoration of the land ecosystem in mining area. The results show that ① Resilience is the basic property of the land ecosystem. After the disturbance with limited intensity,the system has the ability to return to the equilibrium point,maintain the original state and the qualitative structure;② The cause for the emergence of resilience is that the system has a complex and self-organized structure therefore show a self-sus- taining ability in the face of disturbance;③ The parameter variables are important factors for determining the magni- tude of resilience,and their threshold space are direct indicators of the resilience;④ Resilience has deformability,the basic pathways for regulating resilience are resilience enhancement and overcoming,the key technique is to regulate the relationship among parameter variables and their thresholds and state-parameters variables relationship. The resili- ence of land ecosystem is a dynamic property,which can provide a basis for the ecological impact assessment before mining,the maintenance of land system during mining,the restoration and sustainable development after mining. Resil- ience can be adopted as the core criteria for land ecosystem protection and restoration. Resilience thinking is one of the core theories guiding land reclamation and ecological restoration. In the future,the research on the methods of resili- ence measurement, regulation and building needs to be strengthened. The application and integration of resilience mechanism in specific engineering about mining and environmental protection should be further promoted.