Quantitative analysis of green-mining and deep bionic-green-mining model

Green mining is a technological leap from a large-scale coal mining to a modern coal mining with ecological consideration. Scientific evaluation of green mining level is an important method for finding a feasible green mining model and testing its practical effect. After the analysis of predecessors’ research results,a mining ecosystem is con- structed by integrating traditional ecosystem and mining system,from an ecological perspective. Using physical model construction,mathematical model analysis and case validation,the damage status of ecosystem and the degree of eco- logical damage are analyzed. Subsequently,the ecological damage analysis model and green mining model are construc- ted for a further quantitatively evaluation of the green mining level and its effect. Referring to the environmental char- acteristics of deep mining in Western China,the suitable green mining model would be explored based on the ecologi- cal response level to mining,which provides an effective way for exploring suitable green mining solutions. Adopting the mining ecosystem concept,4 factors and 16 main parameters are proposed as describing ecological damage under mining “incentive”. They could be described as three factors (mining overburden,groundwater system and surface e- cology) of the system and four coupling relationships (stress coupling,water-rock coupling,water-soil coupling,radia- tion coupling) and the external conduction of damage effects of three factors. The “eco-damage coefficient” is prelimi- narily introduced to estimate the relative change between the initial state and the damaged state of ecosystem. The es- sence of green mining is an advanced mining method that can achieve “damage reduction” and near zero emissions by controlling the ecological response level of mining incentives. The “green degree” for describing the ecosystem’s post- mining state is raised for the ecosystem’ s measurement of the change level of the original stable state under mining disturbance. Based on the green mining methods and the coupling relationships,a quantitative analysis model of green- ness is established. The ecological damage degree and greenness contribution level of mining process parameters, groundwater system protection and surface ecological restoration methods are analyzed. It is found that controlling the height of water-conducting fissure zone,mine water outflow,aquifer protection and near-zero discharge contribute rela- tively much to the greenness of mining. Comparing the “progressive” green mining method with the safe and efficient mining mode,the level of green mining is gradually improved,and the groundwater system protection contributes more to promoting the level of green mining. The analysis of Shendong mining area,in western ecologically fragile area, shows a different greenness level in which Daliuta,Shangwan and Yujialiang Mine are superior to the average level of the whole area,proving the protection of groundwater system is the bottleneck of improving the green mining level. Ac- cording to the idea of “source damage reduction and mining process control”,the green mining mode should focus on “height reduction,water-loss reduction,quick treatment and zero discharge”. A deep bionic green mining mode is es- tablished,that takes the bionic mining technology as the core,containing discontinuous filling mining,aquifer isolation, water storage in mine underground reservoirs,and surface ecological zoning treatment technology,for deep mining.