Extraction of the impact of mining on vegetation changes and quantitative analysis of ecological cumulative effects

This study is to separate the ecological disturbances caused by mining activities and other factors,and to reveal the patterns and characteristics of the impact of mining activities on vegetation alone.A two-stage method TS-EMD(Two Stage-Extracting Mining Disturbance)is proposed to extract mining disturbance based on long-time series multi-source data,and the disturbance to FVC(Fractional Vegetation Cover)from mine activities is defined as FVC-MD(Fractional Vegetation Cover-Mining Disturbance).Firstly,the driving model of pre-mining remote sensing data,meteorological data,socio-economic data and the FVC is constructed.The above model was used to predict the FVC under no mining activity conditions and then compared to the true FVC in the context of remotely monitored mining activity to calculate the FVC-MD.Taking the Sheng-Li Mining Area in Inner Mongolia as the research area,the temporal and spatial characteristics of mining disturbance on fractional vegetation cover were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that:① Distance attenuation characteristics:high disturbances are mostly concentrated near the mining pit.The farther away from the pit,the lower the disturbance degree is.There is a significant logarithmic relationship between the FVC-MD and the distance to the pit.② Directional heterogeneity:the FVC-MD has significant differences in different directions,and the topography is the main reason for the directional heterogeneity.③ Spatial cumulative effect:although there is a certain distance between the two mines,there is a high disturbance zone in the middle position due to the superposition influence,and the range of the high disturbance zone is expanding over time.The experimental results verify that the TS-EMD method can solve the problem of extracting and quantifying the impacts of coal mining on vegetation from the multi-factor coupling effects to a certain extent,and it has important practical significance and application prospect in supporting the decision-making of ecological environment protection and restoration activities in mining areas.