Discussion on the guided restoration for mine ecosystem

“Ecology restoration mainly by nature and combining with artificial restoration” has been taken as the basic principle of ecological restoration. The questions on how to recognize and make use of the ability of natural restoration，and how to cooperate between artificial restoration and natural restoration have been key scientific issues. This paper focuses on the discussion and analysis of the basic principle and technical framework of guided restoration for mine ecosystem，so as to solve the disputes and confusion between manual intervention and natural restoration，better deal with the relationship between manual restoration and natural restoration，and innovate the theory and technology of mine ecological restoration. The key of guided restoration for mine ecosystem is appropriate manual intervention，which answers when to intervene，what elements or locations of the ecosystem to intervene，and how to intervene. The guided restoration for mine ecosystem emphasizes the pertinence，timeliness，persistence and effectiveness of manual intervention，and reduces the human and material costs and energy consumption of excessive restoration，which meets the target of carbon reduction and carbon neutralization. The analysis shows that the main theoretical basis of guided restoration for mine ecosystem is the theory of ecosystem resistance and resilience. The technical framework of the guided restoration for mine ecosystem mainly includes mine ecological problem diagnosis，determination of restoration directions，determination of key objects or parts of guided restoration，identification of reasonable degree or ecological threshold of guided restoration，and appropriate guided restoration technical measures. The essence of ecological restoration is the restoration of ecological relations. Therefore，the process and law perception is the premise to guide the restoration. The obstacle and restrictive impact factors，and ecological process optimization are the main objects to guide the restoration. The regulation of ecological threshold and ecological parameters is the key to reasonable guidance. The newly developed guided restoration for mine ecosystem has clear objectives，reasonable intervention degree，effective reduction of restoration cost and improvement of ecological self sustaining ability，which is the development and upgrade of the traditional artificial restoration model. It also meets the concept and practical needs of the combination of natural restoration and artificial restoration，and can be further developed and promoted in the mine ecological restoration in China.