Discussion on the relationship between mining⁃induced ground fractures strike and loess landform at 32101 face of Hanzui coal mine

It is the premise of ecological protection and sustainable development in shallow coal mining area covered by loess that finding the law of ground damage caused by mining，and then putting forward some targeted zoning，protec⁃ tion and prevention measures. Taking the constant of mining⁃induced fracture strike as the focus，the surface fracture information is obtained through taking photos from drone and mapping ground fractures. The trend of surface fractures at different landform positions is obtained through zonal statistics. Thus， the relationship between mining⁃induced ground fractures and loess landform at the 32101 working face of Hanzui coal mine is explored. The conclusions are as follow 1 mining⁃induced ground fractures are divided into three types including mining and structural fractures，mining and landform fractures，and mining and terrain fractures. Mining and structural fractures are main⁃ ly distributed in the loess ridge，and the strike of the fractures is consistent with that of the loess ridge and the end of the regional drainage system. Mining and landscape fractures can be seen on the loess slope and the strike of frac⁃ tures along the direction of the slope contour. The main distribution of mining and terrain fractures is also on the loess slope，and the strike of fractures is perpendicular with the direction of slope contour. Mining⁃induced ground fractures are mainly distributed in the slope ranging from 0°-20° and do not develop at the bottom of the gully.2 The slope be⁃ side the gully is the dominant position to suffer erosion and destruction，and it is also the dominant position of mining⁃ induced ground fractures.3 The range of mining influence zone is not related to the thickness of covered loess and the surface landform and it is influenced by the underlying bedrock paleogeomorphic surface，the depth of coal seam，min⁃ ing thickness，and mining method，etc. The mining⁃induced ground fractures triggers the formation of the landslide，col⁃ lapse and beaded waterfall holes in the loess covered area，which accelerate the process of geomorphic evolution.