Coupling characteristics and intelligent integration technology of coal-overlying rock-groundwater-ecological environment in Yu-Shen-Fu mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River

Yu-Shen-Fu mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River undertakes the dual strategic tasks of energy security and ecological protection.In order to achieve the dual tasks,the coal mining and the ecological environment in the mining area are regarded as a whole based on the stratigraphic data of more than 520 boreholes.By using the method of comparison of bedrock thickness and fracture-mining ratio,the spatial combination characteristics of coal-overlying rock-groundwater-ecological environment and the mechanism of ecological damage caused by coal mining in Yu-Shen-Fu mining area are studied.According to the mode of ecological disturbance caused by coal-overlying rock-water coupling,it can be divided into six classes,such as thick bedrock water retention salinization type,medium thick bedrock water-controlling subsidence type,thin bedrock water losing collapse type,thin bedrock anhydrous fracture and collapse type,burnt rock water losing fracture and collapse type and burnt rock anhydrous fracture and collapse type.In view of the increase of high intensity mining and the fragile ecological background in the mining area,it is pointed out that how to apply information technology to minimize ecological disturbance and maximize the benefit of coal mining is an urgent technical problem to be solved,which is based on the disturbance mechanism of coal mining on ecology and the goal of detraction mining.The target architecture,technical ideas and technical problems of developing an intelligent integrated system of coal mining-overburden-groundwater-ecological environment are also put forward.The results show that the central and eastern is the sensitive area of ecology to coal mining disturbance.The way of ecological damage caused by coal mining is surface subsidence,and the decrease and relative rise of groundwater level causes vegetation degradation and land salinization.Besides,the surface crack collapse caused by shallow coal seam mining destroys soil structure and aeration zone water and damages vegetation roots;the landslides induced by surface movement and deformation in loess hilly landform area cut off plant roots.Therefore,it must be pointed out that different evaluation index systems and prediction models need to be established according to different failure modes,and transparent dynamic geological model driven by big data should be constructed to show the dynamic intelligent monitoring and prediction and early warning of mining damage in real time,which can provide geological guarantee for the effective protection of ecological diving and ecological environment during coal mining.