Abstract: In order to understand the characteristics of mine water quality and the law of removing some typical pollution components during underground storage in Mindong No. 1 Mine,an experimental device of “surface treatment+aquifer storage” was designed. Relevant research was carried out by means of on-site sampling and testing,pollution component analysis and indoor simulation experiments. The results showed that the pollution components in mine water came from natural groundwater and coal production. Some pollution components exceeded the grade III standard (《Standard for Groundwater Quality》(GB / T 14848—2017)) by 1. 0-3. 0 times from groundwater. Pollutions caused by coal mining includes COD,turbidity,ammonia nitrogen and total coliform bacteria,and they exceeded the standard 69. 67-192. 33 times,24. 16-55. 17 times,0. 52-1. 10 times and 4. 33-7. 67 times respectively. The over-standard of petroleum components indicated that there was a certain degree of organic pollution in mine water. In coagulation precipitation experiment,turbidity and COD decreased to 13. 60 NTU and 4. 73 mg / L respectively when 20. 0 mg / L PAC was added. Based on the removal of suspended solids and COD by conventional treatment,the experimental simulation process of “surface treatment and aquifer storage” was adopted. By means of pore filtration and oxidation reaction in surface aeration zone,many pollutants were removed,such as turbidity