Abstract: Based on the research experience and achievements of HPC (Hyper-coal)-derived pitch-based carbon fibers in recent years,the development history of HPC was detailly introduced around the importance of efficiently utilize coal resources,and environmental pollution and energy problems; The relationship between structural properties and preparation processes of HPC were systematically summarized in view of the solvent-thermal extraction mechanism of coal; The application status and development trend of HPC were deeply discussed on account of its advantages of high calorific value,low ash content and excellent thermoplastic properties in this review. Moreover,it was pointed out that the HPC technology was one of the feasible strategies to the efficient utilization and environmental protection of coal resources,as well as there were also many key scientific problems should be solved in the preparation research of HPC and its basic application research need be further studied. The main breakthrough are as follows:① The design of production equipment for HPC is the foundation for the industrialized transformation of HPC technology. ② It is the key to realize coal conversion technology that the expositions about the structural properties regulation mechanism of HPC from the molecular structure level of coal. ③ Based on the unique physical and chemical properties of HPC,developing the high-performance HPC-based carbon materials is the development direction for achieving the high added value of coal resources utilization in China.