Abstract: Some excellent physical property and high value-added new materials,such as graphene,are getting more and more extensive research and application. Coal as a kind of low price and high carbon resources can be prepared to graphene and its compounds by different physical or chemical methods,which can achieve the high efficient and clean utilization of coal,form some coal-based new materials with high value-added. Firstly,the preparation methods of gra- phene are reviewed in this paper,so as to lead to the preparation methods of coal-based graphene. Coal-based graphene that regards coal as raw material is graphene. After heat treatment at high temperature,coal-based graphene was prepared by conventional approaches to produce graphene. Then,the mechanism of graphene’ s super high thermal con- ductivity was analyzed. With the rapid development of electronic industry,more and more electronic products with high-performance are facing bigger and bigger heat dissipation difficulties. Thermal conductivity of graphene is the big- gest in any known material and far beyond the conventional cooling metals. Based on the ultra-high transverse heat conduction mechanism,graphene or its compound used as a kind of ideal heat dissipation material for electronic com- ponents are gradually replacing traditional metal heat conduction materials and have broad prospects in application. Then,the research progress and properties of a few layers of graphene,graphene composites and graphene oxide com- posites in the field of heat conduction are reviewed respectively,in which graphene composites have better thermal conductivity and bigger wider range of applications. The orientation of graphene nanometer sheet is aligned with the heat transfer direction by the assistance of external force,which the thermal conductivity of graphene composites can be greatly improved. In order to further expand the application range of graphene and enhance the thermal conductivity of graphene outside the plane,graphene can be combined with carbon nanotubes. Finally,the preparation of coal-based graphene and the research direction and development prospect of graphene in the field of heat conduction are prospec- ted.